Modeled response of talik development under thermokarst lakes to permafrost thickness on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Permafrost thickness under identical climates in cold regions can vary significantly because it is severely affected by climate change, topography, soil physical and thermal properties, and geothermal conditions. This study numerically in- vestigates the response of ground thermal regime and talik development processes to permafrost with different thicknesses under a thermokarst lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. On the basis of observed data and information from a representative monitored lake in the Beiluhe Basin, we used a heat transfer model with phase change under a cylindrical coordinate system to conduct three simulation cases with permafrost thicknesses of 45 m, 60 m, and 75 m, respectively. The simulated results indicate that increases in permafrost thickness not only strongly retarded the open talik formation time, but also delayed the permafrost lateral thaw process after the formation of open talik. Increasing the permafrost thickness by 33.3% and 66.7% led to open talik formation time increases of 83.66% and 207.43%, respectively, and resulted in increases in the lateral thaw duration of permafrost under the modeled thermokarst lake by 28.86% and 46.54%, respectively, after the formation of the open taliks.     

Reflectance conversion methods for the VIS/NIR imaging spectrometer aboard the Chang’E-3 lunar rover: based on ground validation experiment data

The second phase of the Chang’E Program (also named Chang’E-3) has the goal to land and perform in-situ detection on the lunar surface. A VIS/NIR imaging spectrometer (VNIS) will be carried on the Chang’E-3 lunar rover to detect the distribution of lunar minerals and resources. VNIS is the first mission in history to perform in-situ spectral measurement on the surface of the Moon, the reflectance data of which are fundamental for interpretation of lunar composition, whose quality would greatly affect the accuracy of lunar element and mineral determination. Until now, in-situ detection by imaging spectrometers was only performed by rovers on Mars. We firstly review reflectance conversion methods for rovers on Mars (Viking landers, Pathfinder and Mars Exploration rovers, etc). Secondly, we discuss whether these conversion methods used on Mars can be applied to lunar in-situ detection. We also applied data from a laboratory bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) using simulated lunar soil to test the availability of this method. Finally, we modify reflectance conversion methods used on Mars by considering differences between environments on the Moon and Mars and apply the methods to experimental data obtained from the ground validation of VNIS. These results were obtained by comparing reflectance data from the VNIS measured in the laboratory with those from a standard spectrometer obtained at the same time and under the same observing conditions. The shape and amplitude of the spectrum fits well, and the spectral uncertainty parameters for most samples are within 8%, except for the ilmenite sample which has a low albedo. In conclusion, our reflectance conversion method is suitable for lunar in-situ detection.     

热岛效应对四季变化的影响

以具有明显热岛效应的城区气温来划分的四季只能代表城区,划分郊外的四季时应剔除各时段的城市热岛效应值,剔除各时段的城市热岛效应值后计算出来的四季既在一定程度上反映了全球变暖的影响,又具有较好的连续性。     

深、港等地雨量、气温分析及深圳市未来20～30年展望

本文对比分析了深圳、香港等地的雨量、气温变化趋势，得出年雨量、年平均气温升降趋势较为相似。又利用和澳门的年平均气温、年雨量较接近的情况，延长深圳气候资料，寻出5年、10年的变化规律并对深圳市2000－2029年各时段的年平均气温、雨量趋势进行展望。     

厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜年的拟合

本文以厄尔尼诺现象为气候背景,对深圳市1953年～2000年的各年进行分类,并利用分类及对海水异常冷、暖现象有密切关系的太阳黑子数、西北太平洋副热带面积指数等对是否出现厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜现象进行拟合.     

深圳的城市热岛效应

通过全球气候增暖和深圳气象台气温急升等事实，探索因观测环境急剧改变而又缺乏对比观测时，台站所在地城市化后的增温及“热岛效应”等情况。从而得出气候增暖和城市热岛效应场具有较明显的季节性；具有明显的昼夜差别，且晚间远比白天明显。     

钙网蛋白相关信号通路在肿瘤中的研究进展

钙网蛋白（calreticulin,CRT）是参与多种细胞过程的高度保守的内质网伴侣蛋白。1974年,它首次被鉴定为钙离子结合蛋白,随后CRT与肿瘤之间信号通路相关关系被广泛的研究。另外,在人类多种肿瘤中,细胞表面的CRT被认为是1个"促吞噬"信号,由此CRT与癌细胞的巨噬细胞吞噬免疫系统的相关研究,有望为肿瘤综合治疗提供新的理论依据和策略。也有越来越多的证据表明CRT在不同肿瘤中的异常表达,将为CRT成为一种新的肿瘤标志物提供许多依据。以及CRT对各种肿瘤的发展具有很重要的影响且CRT对肿瘤形成和进展的影响取决于细胞类型和临床阶段。     

A quantitative striping removal algorithm for HY-1 CCD data

Striping is a common phenomenon in remote sensing imagery acquired by most spaceborneand airborne multispectral sensors. In contrast to the destriping of the images of optoelectronic mechanical scanners, fewer work has been done for push-broom CCD images. Based on the characteristics of HY -1 push-broom multispectral CCD camera and its prelaunch radiometric calibration results, the striping features are analyzed and a quantitative striping removal algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is to obtain the inter-detector equalization curves to reflect the differences between detectors by statistic analysis of the satellite imagery data set, and image stripes arising from the nonuniformity of the detectors of the CCD array can be removed using the estimated equalization curves. The preliminary results show that this method can effectively remove the stripes and preserve the radiometric accuracy of the raw data at the same time.     

The geochemical characteristics and oil-source rock correlation of oilshow from the Majiashan profile,Chaoxian County,South of Anhui Province

In the future time the exploration of marine oil and gas will be one of the significant domains in China. In this paper the biomarker assemblage characteristics of oilshow in the Nanlinghu Formation of the Majiashan profile, which is located in Chaoxian County, south of Anhui Province, are described in the light of gas chromatography/mass spectrometric （GCMS） analysis on the qualitative and quantitative basis. Based on the investigation of the biomarker assemblage characteristics of possible source rocks developed in the area studied, a conclusion is drawn that the oilshow was generated from the Nanlinghu Formation source rocks （abbreviated as Tin）, instead of the Qixia Formation source rocks （abbreviated as P1q）. It is pointed out that the Tin is of strong potential for future oil exploration, and therefore much attention should be paid to it.     

“Structure-Lithologic-Fluid” Metallogenic Coupling of the Wuzhishan Lead-Zinc Deposit in Puding, Guizhou Province

<正>1 Introduction The Wuzhishan lead-zinc ore-concentrated area in Puding is located in the east of the Sichuan,Guizhou and Yunnan lead-zinc metallogenic domain,with the Youjiang-Nanpan River metallogenic province to the