天然水中硫代钨酸盐的分析方法

天然水中硫代钨酸盐的分析对钨的环境地球化学研究具有重要意义.建立了利用反相离子对色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱同时测定天然水中钨酸盐(WO₄^2-)和4种硫代钨酸盐(WO₃S^2-、WO₂S₂^2-、WOS₃^2-、WS₄^2-)的方法,并采用电喷雾-高分辨质谱对这5种钨化合物进行鉴定.采集富硫化物地热水样品经干冰速冻并在-20℃冷冻保存运输至实验室后,在厌氧环境下解冻后,利用优化的色谱及质谱条件在30 min内完成5种钨化合物的分离和测定.以钨酸盐作为其他钨化合物的标准建立工作曲线,在0.001～20 mg/L浓度范围内具有良好线性关系(相关系数R²>0.999),WO₄^2-、WO₃S^2-、WO₂S₂     

川南自201井区奥陶系-志留系间黑色页岩生物地层北大核心CSCD

我国南方海相页岩气资源潜力巨大,勘探开发活跃,目前已经在四川威远、长宁和重庆焦石坝等地区取得重大进展,但这些地区在优质页岩的时空展布和产能效果方面存在较大差异。自201井位于四川盆地南部,其中发育了上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组的黑色笔石页岩序列,根据其中赋存的笔石和腕足动物生物化石,并结合区域地层特征,可将其划分为9个生物带,包括8个笔石带和一个壳相生物带,其优质页岩厚度超过15m。通过与邻近的自202井的对比分析,可发现该地区的地层发育情况差异明显,向东南方向地层出现缺失并导致优质页岩厚度变薄,因此可预测该区存在水下古隆起,从而对该区优质页岩分布造成较大影响。     

高邮湖GY07-02柱状样的沉积记录与湖泊环境演化

通过对苏北高邮湖GY07-02柱状样沉积物的含水率、粒度、有机碳、碳酸盐含量等环境替代指标的分析,结合14 C年代测定,初步揭示了该地区近1 100年来湖泊沉积特征及环境演化历史,大致可以分为3个阶段:920—980AD,为沼泽沉积环境;980—1240AD,湖泊开始扩张,水位上升;1240AD至今,黄河物质通量显著增加。进一步说明湖泊的演变不仅与黄河南泛夺淮有关,也与人类活动如人口迁移、湖泊周围建闸、围湖造地、富营养化程度加剧等关系密切。     

矿山沉陷区新建建筑物可行性分析

论文就矿山沉陷区开采煤层上覆岩层变形规律、沉陷区形成基本特征及稳定性进行了分析,对竖向集中荷载与矩形截面竖向均布荷载作用下的建筑物荷载传播深度进行分析。通过对建造建筑物时间的选择、地基附加应力传播深度的确定,评价地表残余移动变形对地基的影响。对矿山沉陷区能否新建建筑物进行可行性分析,为地基附加应力传播范围提出分析方法,为沉陷区新建建筑物提供理论依据。论文对一工程实例进行了可行性论证分析,证明了理论的可行性并得出了重要的结论。     

工程测量自主式弹性学习模式探讨

阐述工程测量培养全面复合型应用人才的教学目标,分析现有教学模式的不足,对工程测量自主式弹性学习模式进行探索和实验研究,取得较好的结果,为工程测量教学探索一条新的有效途径和方向。     

基于WebGIS技术的精细化高速公路气象服务系统

根据交通气象服务的特点,研究开展高速公路交通气象服务的思路和技术方法。通过研究高速公路交通气象观测网组网原则及站点选择规则,建成交通气象观测网。采用降水、能见度、路面温度、大风等高影响气象因子,建立高速公路通行气象条件模型,根据基础地理数据、气象监测实况数据、精细化模式集成预报数据、灾情调查等数据,利用Flex Builder 4. 6为开发工具,设计开发了一套基于Web GIS技术的以精细化预报为核心的交通气象灾害监测预警服务系统。该系统实现了对高速公路的实况天气监测、精细化数值天气预报及灾害性天气预警三大功能,实现了全自动、智能化的精细化服务模式,为用户提供直观的服务信息,为公众交通出行提供了及时的气象服务。研发的公路交通气象服务系统已正式对外服务,并在春运期间为公众用户便捷、安全出行提供了保障。     

A Model for Environmental Impact Assessment of Land Reclamation

Land reclamation is a complex marine environmental engineering and has a huge impact on social, economic, and physical environment. Reclamation environmental impact assessment (REIA) is also a complicated project, including the assessment of social economic background, ocean engineering, coastal geomorphology, sediment transportation, marine hydrodynamics and marine ecosystem and so on. Nowadays, a large number of land reclaimed projects have been carried out or in the process of construction along the coastal zone, thus, it is necessary to build up a framework on REIA to evaluate and quantify the environmental changes, to contribute to reclamation program, to reduce marine environmental disasters, and to sustain development of coastal zone. This article focuses on the research of REIA framework theory and puts forward a REIA model on land reclaimed evaluation, at the same time, applies this assessment system in Shenzhen City, which is a highly developed coastal city with an expectation of land reclamation. By use of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, along with the topographic map and in situ survey in reclamation area, it concludes that the area of 2680 hectares in total has been reclaimed in Shenzhen city by the end of the year 2000. Thus, reclamation is usually applied to meet the needs for infrastructure, such as harbors, industries and highways in Shenzhen City. However, some serious negative impacts have been created to the coastal environment shown clearly in the following aspects. Firstly, it caused the dramatic changes of tidal flat and channels along the western coast, made this area more unstable, which is threatening the function of the harbor in this area. Secondly, Tidal prism has decreased rapidly. During the 20 years of reclamation, the tidal prism has been reduced by 20%～30% along the western coast in the Lingdingyang Estuary, and 15.6% in the Shenzhen Bay. As a result, the velocity of the tidal current has also declined, and the direction of the tidal current has changed, which is harmful to the dilution and diffusion process of the contaminants. Thirdly, it has threatened the eco-environment finally. More than 147 hectares of mangrove area along the coast of Shenzhen Bay, accounting for 48.8% of the total mangrove reserve area in this region, has been reclaimed only during the short period from 1988 to 2000. Thus, the biodiversity is decreasing, and more and more plants and animals are disappearing. Based on the above analyses of the environmental impacts, strategies and suggestions for the future reclamation in this area have been put forward in order to support the sustainable development of the coastal zone.     

直流电法找水实例

在江西省丰城县尚庄老酒厂，用电阻率法找岩溶水和含水破碎带，取得了较好的地质效果。地质特征测区由一个近南北向的小型背斜和向斜组成，背斜轴部有茅口组硅质灰岩，钙质泥岩夹泥质灰岩，翼部东南侧为龙潭组粉砂岩夹钙质泥岩及煤层组成（图1）     

基于Ono-Kondo格子模型的页岩气超临界吸附机理探讨

页岩气吸附机理的研究对于页岩气成藏和储量评价具有重要意义.甲烷在地层温度和压力条件下处于超临界状态,页岩气的吸附实际上为超临界吸附,但其机理目前尚不明确.在建立Ono-Kondo格子模型的基础上,结合低温氮气吸附和高压甲烷等温吸附实验,对龙马溪组页岩的微观孔隙结构和超临界吸附曲线进行了分析.结果表明,页岩中发育的孔隙尺度较小,比表面积较大,吸附气主要赋存于微孔和中孔中;页岩的等温吸附曲线在压力较大时,必然存在下降的趋势,这并非异常现象,而是超临界甲烷过剩吸附量的本质特征.Ono-Kondo格子模型对页岩高压等温吸附曲线的拟合效果很好,相关系数均在0.99以上,说明该模型可以表征页岩纳米孔隙中超临界甲烷的吸附特征.基于拟合得到的吸附相密度可将过剩吸附量转换为绝对吸附量,并直接计算地层温度和压力下甲烷的吸附分子层数,计算层数均小于1,表明甲烷分子并没有铺满整个孔隙壁面.因此受流体性质、吸附剂吸附能力和孔隙结构3个方面的影响,页岩气的吸附机理为单层吸附,不可能为双层甚至多层吸附.