On the relationship between 100-hPa South Asia High and Mei-yu in Jiangsu province

By analyzing the change of an index for the characteristics of South Asia High and variations of upper-air troughs in 2002–2005,we studied the impact of South Asia high on the beginning and ending of the Mei-yu(i.e.sustained rain corresponding to the ripening season of plum)in Jiangsu province.Statistic verification is conducted on the relationships between the index and the Mei-yu season in 1991–2005 to examine the impacts of the SAH characteristics index on a rain intensity index of Mei-yu and regional distribution of a characteristics index for different annual patterns of Mei-yu.Historical composite is performed of the 100-hPa circulation field for these patterns using the 100-hPa geopotential height of Northern Hemisphere from 2002 to 2005 and 45-year NCEP reanalysis to study the difference in the circulation for different patterns of Mei-yu.Diagnostic and statistic conclusions,which share much in common,have been obtained as follows.(1)The characteristics preceding to and the advancement/retreat of SAH and the movement of westerly troughs are the factors that influence the onset time of the Mei-yu season;after the Mei-yu onset,the progression/withdrawal of SAH and how farther east it extends are determining how long the Mei-yu lasts and when it ends.(2)During the Mei-yu,the general 100-hPa circulation situation and average characteristics of the SAH are well corresponding to the characteristics of the season and annual patterns of Mei-yu.In addition,the averages of the SAH ridgeline and east-extending index for June,July and the Mei-yu season have some implications to the forecast of the index of Mei-yu intensity.These conclusions can be served as powerful means in determining the starting/ending dates, duration and annual pattern of the Mei-yu season.     

饲料中添加两株乳酸菌及其发酵上清液对凡纳滨对虾消化酶活性的影响

为了探讨前期实验获得的益生菌及其发酵上清液对凡纳滨对虾消化功能的影响,将初始体质量3.5 g±0.06 g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)在30℃±2℃环境下于水族箱中养殖4周。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)HC-2、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)NRW-2、戊糖乳杆菌HC-2的发酵上清液,最终每克基础饲料中含有1.0×107 CFU益生菌或此菌量所对应的发酵上清液,共配制3组实验饲料。实验结果如下:与对照组相比,各实验组对虾肠道中蛋白酶活力显著提高(P0.05),但肝胰腺中蛋白酶活力无显著差异;添加NRW-2的实验组与对照组相比,肠道和肝胰腺中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力均显著提高(P0.05),HC-2组对虾肝胰腺中淀粉酶及肠道中脂肪酶的活力显著提高(P0.05),而HC-2发酵上清液的添加仅显著提高了对虾肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。结果表明饲料中添加NRW-2、HC-2及其发酵上清液可以提高凡纳滨对虾肠道及肝胰腺中消化酶的活力,但在不同组织中提高消化酶活性的种类是不同的,为水产养殖安全投入品的开发及乳酸菌在水产养殖中的推广应用提供一定的科学依据。     

Low temperature stress on the hematological parameters and <Emphasis Type="Italic">HSP</Emphasis> gene expression in the turbot <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis>

To study the effect of low temperature stress on hematological parameters and HSP gene expression in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), water temperature was lowered rapidly from 18 to 1°C. During the cooling process, three individuals were removed from culture tanks at 18, 13, 8, 5, 3, and 1°C. Blood samples and tissues were taken from each individual, hematological indices and HSP gene expression in tissues were measured. The red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as temperature decreased. Enzyme activities of plasma alanine transaminase and creatine kinase increased as temperature decreased, whereas aspartic transaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities displayed no obvious changes above 1°C and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased first and then decreased. Blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels were highest at 8°C, and creatinine concentration was highest at 3°C. The concentrations of plasma cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride all increased significantly (P < 0.05) as temperature decreased. The serum glucose concentration increased first and then decreased to the initial level. The HSP70 mRNA expression showed various patterns in different tissues, whereas HSP90 mRNA expression showed the same tendency in all tissues. Overall, these results indicate that temperature decreases in the range of 8 to 5°C may induce a stress response in S. maximus and that temperature should be kept above 8°C in the aquaculture setting to avoid damage to the fish.     

梅汛期100hPa南亚高压特征与江苏梅雨关系研究

通过2002～2005年南亚高压特征指数、高空槽变化过程分析,讨论了南压高压对江苏梅雨期和主要降水落区的影响.并结合近15年南亚高压特征指数,探讨了不同梅雨年型的特征指数区域分布关系.同时利用2002～2005年45年NCEP 100 hPa高度场资料,分析了不同梅雨年型高空环流形势差异.得出:(1) 南亚高压特征指数变化和西风槽移动与江苏梅期(入梅、出梅、梅期、梅雨量和落区)特征有密切关系.(2) 梅雨期100 hPa南亚高压的平均特征对梅期特征和梅雨年型有很好的对应关系.6～7月和梅雨期间南亚高压脊线和东伸指数平均值对梅雨强度指数具有一定的预报指示意义.     

梅汛期南亚高压活动的谱特征分析——波能密度谱

本文是应用100hPa北半球高度场格点资料,选取2003-2005年6-7月南亚高压季节性东进、北移的15个过程,其中包括这3年中在入、出梅期间500 hPa副热带高压有响应的季节性北移个例.计算了40 °N的波谱物理量-1～7波的方差比和波能密度,分析其西风带长波-超长波的调整和南亚高压的东进、北移的相关,并从波能密度的演变特征来识别何种长波波动对南亚高压的季节性变化具有最大的贡献.从而得出100hPa 40 °N的超长波的调整是南亚高压季节性东进、北移的环流背景,而西风带4～6波的长波槽波能密度的激增是诱发南亚高压季节性演变的最大贡献者.     

柳州市糯玉米高产稳产的气象条件分析

通过分期播种试验得出糯玉米的单产、发育期天数、双苞率、穗行数、行粒数、秃顶度等产量因子。以确定高产量的形成与这些产量因子之间的关系:穗行数、行粒数的数值越大,产量就越高。秃顶度则相反,产量高秃顶度小,产量低秃顶度大;高积温易形成高产量,降水条件要求充足且分布均匀也有利于高产量的形成,在南方地区略少的日照有利于干物质的积累。同时分析了气象要素对穗长、穗行数、行粒数的影响:降水有利于高穗位的形成,日照则相反,秃顶度与雨日呈负相关,与日照呈正相关,穗行数与积温呈负相关。行粒数与积温呈正相关,与日照呈负相关。     

2006年江苏两次降雪天气过程分析

利用NCEP／NCAR6h一次的全球同化系统分析资料,针对2006年发生在江苏冬季的两次不同量级的降雪,着重分析和讨论了天气形势和物理量场。结果表明：暴雪产生在低空急流的左前方和700hPa切变线的风速辐合区中,水汽通量散度的辐合区和上升运动场的合理配置是暴雪产生的重要原因。通过这两次不同量级降雪的对比分析,得到,无论是在急流的强度还是在物理量场上,中雪和暴雪有着明显的区别。     

南京夏季高温日数异常的分析

利用南京气象观测站1951—2007年逐日最高气温观测资料,美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中1951年1月—2006年12月的平均高度场、风场资料,运用小波分析、二项式滑动平均、合成分析等方法,分析了南京57a来高温日数的月、季、年际、年代际变化的时间变化特征和异常年份同期7、8月的大气环流特征。发现:(1)南京57a来年平均出现高温的日数为14.7d,高温日主要出集中在7、8月份;(2)南京高温日数具有明显的年际变化,其年际变化最高可达29d(1965年为8天,1966年有37d),57a来南京高温日数异常偏多年有8a、偏少年有7a;(3)南京高温日数1950s到1960s相对偏多,1970s到1990s初处在一个相对偏少的时期,1990s至今,都处在高温日数偏多的阶段;(4)南京高温日数异常偏多时,南亚高压异常偏东、偏北,副高异常偏西、偏北,出现了纬向上"相向而行"的趋势。     

热带气旋业务系统简介

1 业务系统和方法简介 　　1.1 华南台风业务系统 　　华南台风业务系统是广东省气象台于“八五”期间在DOS系统下开发的,与目前的支持系统不匹配.为适应业务发展的需要,省气象台在 WIN95(或NT4.0)操作系统下,重新研制了“热带气旋气候查询预报系统”. 主要功能有:地图和颜色设置功能、热带气旋历史个例资料和气候规律检索查询功能、实时和预报路径查询功能、实时热带气旋路径和预报位置、强度的编辑功能.……