地下水污染生物处理方法研究综述

全球一半以上的地下水资源受到污染。在各种地下水污染治理方法中,生物处理方法因其具有许多优点而受到科学家的推崇。此文就生物治量方法的有关研究进展及存在的问题进行综述。     

西安南郊和陕北长武土壤CO2 释放量研究

本文根据NaOH溶液吸收CO2的方法,对西安南郊和陕北长武地区土壤CO2释放量进行了昼夜观测。观测结果表明,不同地区土壤CO2释放量存在差异,气候偏冷偏干地区土壤CO2 释放量较小,气候偏热偏湿地区土壤CO2释放量较大。陕北长武土壤CO2释放量变化再次证明,从当日早晨至次日早晨, CO2释放量具有由低变高再变低的规律; CO2释放量相对于大气温度的日变化具有滞后性,滞后时间为4～6小时;土壤CO2释放量白天较少,夜间较多; CO2释放量变化显示,在土层深厚的地区,土壤微生物夜间活动强度总体应比白天大。      

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF EFFECTS OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON CLIMATE——IMPLEMENTING OF SSiB IN IAP/LASG AGCM AND ITS PERFORMANCE

This is an investigation of exchanges of energy and water between the atmosphere and thevegetated continents,and the impact of and mechanisms for land surface-atmosphere interactionson hydrological cycle and general circulation by implementing the Simplified Simple Biosphere(SSiB)model in a modified version of IAP/LASG global spectral general model(L9R15 AGCM).This study reveals that the SSiB model produces a better partitioning of the land surface heat andmoisture fluxes and its diurnal variations,and also gives the transport of energy and water amongatmosphere,vegetation and soil explicitly and realistically.Thus the coupled SSiB-AGCM runslead to the more conspicuous improvement in the simulated circulation,precipitation,mean watervapor content and its transport.particularly in the Asian monsoon region in the real world thanCTL-AGCM runs.It is also pointed out that both the implementation of land surfaceparameterizations and the variations in land surface into the GOALS model have greatly improvedhydrological balance over continents and have a significant impact on the simulated climate.particularly over the massive continents.Improved precipitation recycling model was employed to verify the mechanisms for landsurface hydrology parameterizations on hydrological cycle and precipitation climatology in AGCM.It can be argued that the recycling precipitation rate is significantly reduced,particularly in the aridand semi-arid region of the boreal summer hemisphere,coincident with remarkable reduction inevapotranspiration over the continental area.Therefore the coupled SSiB-AGCM runs reduce thebias of too much precipitation over land surface in most AGCMs,thereby bringing the simulatedprecipitation closer to observations in many continental regions of the world than CTL-AGCMruns.     

改善土壤浅层中子测湿精度的研究

针对中定仪测定土壤浅层水分不精确这一问题，根据田间及室内测试，进行了初步分析，试图找出中子仪测量的最佳方法。     

养殖对虾细菌性红体病的初步研究

从海南琼山患红体病的养殖南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的肝胰脏和肌肉中分离出2株细菌，经纯化培养后的人工感染结果表明，该2株菌均为引起对虾红体病的细菌性病原菌；根据对这2株菌的形态及生理生化特征检测结果，确定这2株菌分别为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)和副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)。药敏试验表明，氮霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素等7种抗生素对抑制这2种致病菌具有良好作用。     

巢湖西北部水域的有机污染和富营养化

于1988年8月和1989年11月在巢湖西部的南淝河下游、河口及湖区采集水样,用GC/MS法分析,检出了酚类、农药、氯代烃类、脂肪烃、苯系物,以及多环芳烃等多种有机污染物,表明巢湖部分水域已受到污染。河水中检出的多环芳烃的浓度要比湖水中的高得多。实验室藻培养液的分析说明,湖水中存在的α-蒎烯、薁、二甲基二硫化物、6-甲基-2-庚酮是来源于生物的;湖水中存在的正十七烷也部分地来源于藻类活动。用富营养化水体作为水源经氯化处理生产自来水,会增加自来水中潜在致突变物质的含量。     

眼点拟微绿球藻与扁藻在不同接种比例下的竞争

通过对眼点拟嫩绿球藻和扁藻进行共培养试验，结果表明，在共培养条件下，眼点拟嫩绿球藻和扁藻的生长速度均受到抑制，即两种藻的最大生长密度均比对照(分别单独培养)有显著降低，而立眼点拟嫩绿球藻降低的程度要大于扁藻。经计算两种藻的种间竞争系数可知，扁藻的种间竞争能力明显强于眼点拟嫩绿球藻。     

两种新分离的海洋金藻及其对贻贝幼虫的饲养效果

我们于1982年3月份从山东省海阳县沿岸的海水中分离到两株金色鞭毛藻OA3011和OA3012,经过光学显微镜和电子显微镜的形态观察证明OA3011是等鞭藻Isochrysis galbanaParke而OA3012是路氏杷夫藻Pavlova lutheri(Droop)Green(=Monochrysis lutheriDroop)。     

等鞭藻的生长及其主要营养成分的研究

本文记述了从我国山东沿岸海水中分离的一种适高温生长的等鞭藻(Isochrysis galbana Parke)3011,其最适生长温度为25—30℃,用简单的无机盐加少量维生素B_1和B_(12)就能促其快速生长。其粗蛋白、粗脂肪、碳水化合物和灰分的含量分别占干重约46.8％,22.25％,22.54％和8.4％,氨基酸含量为33.37％。