The Effect of Topography on Quasi-Geostrophic Frontogenesis

This paper improves Bannon's work on the quasi-geostrophic frontogenesis in a horizontal deformation field. By setting the lower boundary condition for the equation of potential temperature on the realistic topography instead of on z = 0, a general solution for the temperature field is derived after applying conformal mapping to the equation for the potential temperature, the vertical velocity and divergence field are also calculated. The general characteristics for the frontogenetic process still are frontolytic for warm front and frontogenetic for cold front in downstream of a mountain and the reverse is true upstream of a mountain, but more fine spatial structure of the temperature field and frontogenetic characteristics than Bannon's are obtained near surface because of the treatment of lower boundary condition. It is concluded that the frontogenetic characteristics are related to the translating speed of the deformation field with respect to the topography.     

THE NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON APPLICATING GEOSTROPHIC MOMENTUM APPROXIMATION TO THE BAROCLINIC AND NON-NEUTRAL PBL

In this paper, Wu and Blumen's boundary layer geostrophic momentum approximation model (Wu and Blu-men, 1982) is applied to baroclinic and non-neutral PBL, the motion equations for the PBL under the geostrophic momentum approximation are solved, in which the eddy transfer coefficient is a function of the distributions of the wind and temperature. The results are compared with those in barotropic and neutral conditions with the geostrophic momentum approximation. It is found that in the baroclinic condition, the wind distribution has both the characteristics of a steady, homogeneous and baroclinic PBL and those caused by the geostrophic momentum approximation. Those in non-neutral conditions show that they retain the intrinsic characteristics for the wind in non-neutral PBL, at the same time, the effects of the large-scale advection and local variation are also included. We can predict the wind in the non-neutral and baroclinic PBL by use of the geostrophic momentum approximation when the temporal and sp     

p－σ混合坐标原始方程模式的改进和试验

在五层ｐ－σ混合坐标原始方程模式的基础上，改进成了一个九层ｐ－σ混合坐标原始方程模式。模式为１７×３９个格点，分辨率为５°×５°，其物理过程与五层模式相同。该模式性能稳定，用该模式对１９９４年冬的一次寒潮过程进行了模拟，温压场的主要特征符合实况。由于该模式的垂直分辨率高于五层模式，所以模拟结果优于后者，试验表明模式可应用于业务预报。     

A DYNAMICAL STUDY OF THE FLOW FIELD IN THE PBL OVER LARGE-SCALE TOPOGRAPHY

In this paper, the eddy coefficient and the treatment for dividing layers of Estoque's numerical model in modernPBL dynamics have been applied to derive order-zero and order-one analytic solutions over large-scale topography,the solutions are used to obtain the divergence and vertical velocity, improving the previous results.     

“结合法”表示的下垫温非均匀对夏季风气候影响的数值试验

用能较好表示陆面非均匀性且计算高效省时的"结合法"(马赛克法及统计-动力法解析表达型两者的结合),在区域气候模式RegCM2中BATSle方案内考虑下垫面附近各种温度、各种湿度的非均匀性,选用1991年夏季梅雨期实测资料,进行了模拟试验.与Giorgi针对暖季温度非均匀的单点独立试验结论不同,应用较线性概率密度函数(PDF)计算效率更高的余弦函数型PDF,发现总体上大气对陆面温度非均匀的响应是敏感的;与Giorgi结论类似,气候场对陆面湿度非均匀更为敏感,且其变化较有规律.可见,对夏季风气候的模拟能力可通过适当的温湿非均匀表示来提高.此外,其他结果也显示出单点独立试验的局限性,要反映陆气相互作用,耦合模式试验非常必要.     

中国西北地区荒漠绿洲大气内边界层的数值模拟

本文用二维中尺度土壤－植被－大气连续体数值模拟了黑河地区绿洲和周围荒漠袒上垫面物理特征差异引起的内边界层结构。得到了绿洲上游荒漠至绿洲和从绿洲至其下游荒漠两重下垫在突变过程大气运动所产生的风速内边界层，温度内边界层和湿度内边界层的空间和时间特征及其这两种情况边界层的结构差异。     

半地转三段k模式边界层运动

本文在半地转近似下,取湍流粘性系数k为三段式:k_1z(z_0≤z相似文献   

近地层湍流通量计算及几种塔层风廓线模式的研究

利用近地层风廓线的积分形式和平均场资料计算了表征湍流通量和热量通量特征量。u_*和T_*.得到了几种稳定度条件下利用两层风、温实测资料计算u_*和T_*的方法,可以普遍应用. 本文还用铁塔风速资料对目前广泛采用的几种中性和非中性湍流交换系数分布模式代入运动方程得到风廓线计算公式并进行了研究.给出了误差范围.认为:不稳定时用Yamamoto的K_m模式导出的风廓线公式以及中性和稳定时用Yokoyama的K_m模式导出的风廓线公式与实测廓线比较符合,且计算比较简便.     

边界层抽吸引起的旋转减弱

本文在边界层顶垂直速度正比于地转涡度和地转风速,并与下垫面粗糙度有关的前提下,研究了边界层抽吸引起的涡度变化,在圆对称气压系统内得到了不同粗糙度情况下的涡度场和气压场的变化速率,修正了经典理论的结果。在湍流交换系数是地转风速及高度的函数的前提下,推导了地形存在时边界层顶垂直速度的公式,并用来讨论地形存在时的旋转减弱问题。     

海面空气阻力系数CD计算方法的研究

本文根据边界层气象学的最新成果提出两个由常规海上气象观测资料求阻力系数C_D的方法,一个由海气温差及10米高处的风速,另一由地转风速及边界层上下界之间的位温差△θ,此二法可直接应用于实际计算及模式中求C_D。