犬气遥感探测的现状及展望

一、大气探测是大气科学的基础,许多大气科学的进展发源于大气探测的结果。大气是三维空间的流体,千变万化,因此需要经常性连续地监测,大气作为一个整体,要在广阔的地域、纵深的空间内进行测量。大气探测可分为如下的几类:1.地面气象观测;2.高空气象观测;3.大气遥感探测;4.气象卫星探测;5.特殊观测(中高层大气探测,环境监测,     

人工影响天气的一些问题

一、历史的回顾大气中的降水是大陆上水份主要的源泉.气流从海洋上携带着大量的水汽到大陆上来,有的化为雨水落到地面之上,滋润着田野,化着山泉和江河的泾流;有的     

微波波段大气的衰减作用之实验研究

本文研究了微波波段(λ=5mm-3.2cm)大气的衰减作用。用微波辐射计,根据太阳射电法和大气辐射法进行大气微波吸收值的测量,同时用探空记录计算大气微波吸收值,两者进行比较和分析它们的相关。本文研究了大气微波吸收值与大气总水汽含量或地面气象要素(如温度、比湿)之间的关系,提供预告大气微波吸收值的可能性,云层对于大气吸收值的影响,文中也作了讨论。     

A STUDY ON ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW IN MICROWAVE BAND

The absorption characteristics of the atmospheric window in the microwave band (λ=8.5 mm and 3.2 cm) are studied. The results measured in Beijing by using both solar radiation method and atmospheric radiation method arc compared with the values calculated from the radiosonde data so as to analyze their correlativity. The relationship between atmospheric window absorption and total column water vapour content is also discussed. The effects of clouds on the absorption are described.     

气象卫星资料在大气物理和大气化学中的应用

一、引言遥感用于卫星之上,促进了大气物理和大气化学的发展。它可以在短时间内,获取广阔地域上大量的信息。如地球有72%是海洋,有80%的降水在海洋上,人们观测到的只有10%;在大陆上有25%的地方是永冻土,观测资料亦是缺乏的。而卫星遥感观测能够得到这方面资料的补充。又如在北太平洋上荒芜的埃尼威托克(Enewetak)环礁上也观测到大气污染物质,它们是漂洋过海而来的,因而大气化学和污染是全球性的问题,而卫星遥感是开展这方面研究的有利工具。气象卫星从事大气物理及大气化学研究越来越广泛,尤其是航天飞机     

地物微波反射率特性的研究

本工作对于地物微波反射率特性进行了原理和实验的研究。为此研制了微波反射率仪,讨论了近场反射过程中的微波辐射传输,对于X波段的地物微波反射率特性进行了测量,包括水、砂土、水面油污等,测量结果和理论预期是符合的。本文讨论了反射率特性及其在微波遥感中的应用。     

STUDY ON SST IN THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN WITH SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS

On the basis of extracting the clear brightness temperature in GMS-4 infrared data,the testshave been carried out by using three methods for SST retrieval in the northwestern Pacific Ocean inAugust 1993.Considering error amplification is the inherent feature in the single channel physicalmethod,two statistical methods are developed.One is a single channel method.Its precision is1.186℃,which is superior to that of other similar methods.The other is a multi-channel methodusing both TOVS and GMS-4 data.Its precision is 1.061℃,which is matched with that of othercurrent multi-channel statistical methods(0.5—1.36℃).The retrieval SST distributions obtainedby the two methods are in good agreement with conventional observations.     

HUBEX试验期间地基微波辐射计反演资料的应用研究

在1998年和1999年淮河流域能量和水循环试验(HUBEX)加密观测期间(IOPs),获得了双通道微波辐射计观测资料反演得到的大气水汽含量和云中液态水含量的时间连续资料序列.本文结合天气分析和其他加密观测资料,进行了HUBEX试验期间天气变化同大气水分变化关系的分析.结果表明,天气条件的变化是大气水分变化的主要原因.     

用GMS-5卫星资料结合地面资料联合估算水汽分布

利用GMS-5卫星红外分裂窗通道和水汽通道结合探空资料反演晴空大气的水汽分布;同时利用探空资料建立地面水汽压和相对湿度与大气总水汽量的经验关系,通过带权插值生成淮河流域300多个地面站经验关系式的系数矩阵,并利用地面站资料确定云天大气的水汽分布.最后,将两种方法进行融合,得到淮河流域全天候的水汽场分布.     

ANALYSIS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC DUCT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

On the basis of introducing the basic categories of atmospheric refraction and their existingconditions,the forming processes of three kinds of atmospheric ducts are expounded.Several maincharacteristics of atmospheric duct are summarized and analyzed,and field sounding data from theWEstern North-Pacific cloud-radiation EXperiment(WENPEX)and meteorological data aroundthe Xisha sea area are used to validate these characteristics.Meanwhile the sensitivities of theevaporation duct height to the variations of atmospheric humidity.the air-sea temperaturedifference.and horizontal wind speed are examined.With the analysis of the effect of atmosphericduct on the propagation of electromagnetic wave.the maximum trapped-wavelength and the criticalemitting angle of elevation for electromagnetic wave which can form duct propagation are derived.At the same time the four kinds of necessary conditions for electromagnetic wave to form ductpropagation are brought forward.The effects of atmospheric duct on ultrashort wave propagation,radar observation.short wave communication etc.are also discussed.