冻融作用对地气系统能量交换的影响分析

通过对温度波在地层内传播过程问题的分析研究, 讨论土在冻结和融化过程对地气系统能量交换的影响, 并以亚粘土为例应用近似方法计算了在冻结和融化过程地气系统能量交换和地温变化特征, 同时将相同条件下发生冻融作用与不发生冻融作用情况地气系统热交换量进行了比较. 结果表明, 冻融作用使地气系统热交换加强, 同时吸热和放热的过程也发生了改变.     

江河源区NDVI时空变化及其与气候因子的关系(英文)

The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are important water conservation areas of China. In recent years, ecological deterioration trend of the source regions caused by global climate change and unreasonable resource development increased gradually. In this paper, the spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are analyzed in recent 10 years based on 1-km resolution multitemporal SPOTVGT-DN data from 1998 to 2007. Meanwhile, the correlation relationships between air temperature, precipitation, shallow ground temperature and NDVI, which is 3×3 pixel at the center of Wudaoliang, Tuotuohe, Qumalai, Maduo, and Dari meteorological stations were analyzed. The results show that the NDVI values in these two source regions are increasing in recent 10 years. Spatial distribution of NDVI which was consistent with hydrothermal condition decreased from southeast to northwest of the source regions. NDVI with a value over 0.54 was mainly distributed in the southeastern source region of the Yellow River, and most NDVI values in the northwestern source region of the Yangtze River were less than 0.22. Spatial changing trend of NDVI has great difference and most parts in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers witnessed indistinct change. The regions with marked increasing trend were mainly distributed on the south side of the Tongtian River, some part of Keqianqu, Tongtian, Chumaer, and Tuotuo rivers in the source region of the Yangtze River and Xingsuhai, and southern Dari county in the source region of the Yellow River. The regions with very marked increasing tendency were mainly distributed on the south side of Tongtian Rriver and sporadically distributed in hinterland of the source region of the Yangtze River. The north side of Tangula Range in the source region of the Yangtze River and Dari and Maduo counties in the source region of the Yellow River were areas in which NDVI changed with marked decreasing tendency. The NDVI change was980 Journal of Geographical Sciences positively correlated with average temperature, precipitation and shallow ground temperature. Shallow ground temperature had the greatest effect on NDVI change, and the second greatest factor influencing NDVI was average temperature. The correlation between NDVI and shallow ground temperature in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers increased significantly with the depth of soil layer.     

长江源区五道梁的土壤热状况研究

活动层土壤热状况是寒区陆面物理过程研究的重要内容之一。利用五道梁能量收支观测站1993年9月～2000年12月份实测辐射及土壤热通量资料结合五道梁气象站1961-2010时段的气象资料分析了近50 a来该地区活动层土壤的热状况。结果表明：五道梁地区土壤热通量有显著的年际、年代际变化;20世纪60～80年代,土壤热通量小于0.0 W/m²,活动层土壤以放热为主,自90年代以来,土壤热通量大于0.0 W/m²,活动层土壤以吸热为主。过去50 a中该地土壤热通量呈现增大趋势,平均每10 a土壤热通量增大0.31 W/m²。土壤热通量随净辐射的增大而增大。土壤热平衡系数的变化特点与土壤热通量的变化特点一致。60～80年代,活动层土壤热平衡系数<1,该地区冻土相对比较稳定,而自90年代以来此间土壤热平衡系数<1,表明该地多年冻土呈现出退化迹象。活动层土壤热平衡系数可表示为气温、地表温度及水汽压的函数。     

兰州马衔山多年冻土特征及变化趋势分析

马衔山是目前黄土高原地区唯一证实有多年冻土发育的山脉.残存的多年冻土被誉为黄土高原地区多年冻土的"活化石".近20a来马衔山多年冻土发生了明显的退化,目前仅在小湖滩有岛状多年冻土残存,属于典型的高温多年冻土,1990年代初在其它区域发现的零星多年冻土已经基本消失.马衔山岛状多年冻土地温从10～16m的-0.2℃向上和向下升高,地温梯度±0.01℃·m-1左右,相比1990年代初,多年冻土地温上升了0.1～0.2℃,年升温率为0.006～0.012℃·a-1,小于青藏高原高温多年冻土平均升温速率.马衔山多年冻土最大厚度约40m,正在发生着上引式和下引式退化,而岛状冻土边缘区域侧引式退化起主导作用.马衔山多年冻土发育有丰富的地下分凝冰,根据地下冰发育特征和埋藏有机质层14C测试资料分析,马衔山多年冻土在新冰期形成后发生过多次地表重复堆积,共生共长作用是地下冰形成的重要原因.丰富的地下冰和厚层有机质层的保护作用,以及区域寒冷的微气候环境,应该是马衔山多年冻土残存的主要原因.     

青藏高原多年冻土区地温年变化深度的变化规律及影响因素

地温年变化深度的准确判断对于多年冻土发育特征评估、寒区冻土模式下边界深度的确定具有重要意义.通过对青藏高原地区典型钻孔地温数据进行分析,初步揭示了多年冻土地温年变化深度的变化规律及其影响因素,并提出一种简化了地表和活动层状态影响的地温年变化深度估算方法.结果表明：研究区低温冻土的地温年变化深度平均值比高温冻土大4.6 m,随着冻土温度升高,地温年变化深度基本上呈减小趋势,部分低温冻土钻孔由于土层含水率过高导致地温年变化深度相对较小;由于活动层水热动态和冻融过程的影响,地温年变化深度与浅层（0.5 m）温度年较差相关性不显著,而与多年冻土上限附近温度年较差的大小呈显著正相关关系;地层介质的热扩散率差异是导致地温年变化深度区域差异和变化的主要原因,土层含水率、温度、质地以及水的相态是影响地层热物理性质重要因素.