基于葵花8卫星的上海市夏季对流初生预报研究

参考Mecikalski et al(2010a;2010b)提出的基于GOES系列卫星的对流初生预报方法,针对上海市夏季对流天气特征建立了基于高时空分辨率的静止气象卫星数据的上海市对流初生判识及预报方法。利用该方法对上海市的一次对流初生个例进行了分析,并对2016年7-8月的12次对流初生事件进行了预报试验,结果表明:方法提取的各个指标能够很好地体现对流初生过程中云团的发展变化特征并能剔除掉成熟对流云团边缘像元的干扰;在12次对流初生事件中,成功地预报了其中的11次,预报时间较对流初生时间平均提前了约30 min,但是对于局地弱对流过程该方法仍有一定的缺陷。     

The sensitivity of ground surface temperature prediction to soil thermal properties Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2)

Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2), soil thermal properties (STP) were examined in a Tibetan prairie during the monsoon period to investigate ground surface temperature prediction. We improved the SiB2 model by incorporating a revised force-restore method (FRM) to take the vertical heterogeneity of soil thermal diffusivity (k) into account. The results indicate that (1) the revised FRM alleviates daytime overestimation and nighttime underestimation in modeled ground surface temperature (T_g), and (2) its role in little rainfall events is significant because the vertical gradient of k increases with increasing surface evaporation. Since the original formula of thermal conductivity (λ) in the SiB2 greatly underestimates soil thermal conductivity, we compared five algorithms of λ involving soil moisture to investigate the cause of overestimation during the day and underestimation at night on the basis of the revised FRM. The results show that (1) the five algorithms significantly improve T_g prediction, especially in daytime, and (2) taking one of these five algorithms as an example, the simulated T_g values in the daytime are closer to the field measurements than those in the nighttime. The differences between modeled T_g and field measurements are mostly within the margin of error of ±2 K during 3 August to 4 September 1998.     

自动气象站地温正点数据错位的处理方法

CAWS600型自动气象站在地温采集存储过程中存在存储错位情况,此类问题如不注意分析,就会人为地将其当作异常数据处理。通过自动气象站数据质量控制软件（AWSDataQC）查找定时备份全部要素数据文件,发现数据存储错位,通过调整数据存储位置,仍能找到正确的各层地温数据,使缺测要素个数减小到最小量,最大限度地保证资料的完整准确。该文以某站2010年6月30日和8月27日出现的地温异常数据为例,从错位数据分析判断到数据处理进行详细的说明,供台站实际工作中参考。     

浅析2012年气象条件对达茂旗天然草场牧草生长的影响

文章分析了2012年气象条件对达茂旗天然草场牧草生长发育的影响。在主要气象条件的作用下．牧草平均高度为26cm,覆盖度65％,地上生物量1768kg／hm^2（鲜莺）,8月份然草场牧草平均高度达40cm,覆盖度75％．地上生物量3000kg／hm^2（鲜重）。     

Wave-dependence of friction velocity,roughness length,and drag coefficient over coastal and open water surfaces by using three databases

The parameterization of friction velocity, roughness length, and the drag coefficient over coastal zones and open water surfaces enables us to better understand the physical processes of air-water interaction. In context of measurements from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment (HEXMAX), we recently proposed wave-parameter dependent approaches to sea surface friction velocity and the aerodynamic roughness by using the dimensional analysis method. To extend the application of these approaches to a range of natural surface conditions, the present study is to assess this approach by using both coastal shallow (RASEX) and open water surface measurements (Lake Ontario and Grand Banks ERS-1 SAR) where wind speeds were greater than 6.44 m s^-1. Friction velocities, the surface aerodynamic roughness, and the neutral drag coefficient estimated by these approaches under moderate wind conditions were compared with the measurements mentioned above. Results showed that the coefficients in these approaches for coastal shallow water surface differ from those for open water surfaces, and that the aerodynamic roughness length in terms of wave age or significant wave height should be treated differently for coastal shallow and open water surfaces.     

应用BIOME-BGC模型研究典型生态系统的潜热通量——半干旱地区吉林通榆的模拟

年降雨量和年蒸发量在某种程度上反映了区域内水资源的丰富程度。随着社会和经济的发展,我国东北西部半干旱区的水资源供需矛盾日益突出。作者应用BIOME-BGC模型模拟了国际协调强化观测计划(CEOP)亚洲季风比较研究(CAMP)的一个地面观测基准站半干旱地区吉林通榆2002年10月~2003年9月草地和农田生态系统的潜热通量,并将模拟结果与通榆“干旱化和有序人类活动”长期观测站涡度相关法测定的观测值进行了比较,结果表明两者基本一致。此外,CEOP的观测数据对模型的验证和改进具有重要意义,半干旱区水资源的合理利用须引起当地政府和群众的重视。     

自动气象站数据异常的原因分析

（1）采集器损坏导致无法采集数据，出现数据全部缺测。（2）采集器电源系统故障，致使定时数据无法采集，出现要素全部缺测。（3）通信线路出现故障。当自动气象站的防雷板、终端机的串口或连接卡、串口隔离器被雷击、通信线缆出现断开或其他因素导致开路都是导致自动气象站数据全部缺测的原因。（4）自动气象站计算机终端的硬盘或主板问题，导致采集发送过来的数据无法存贮，     

地温异常数据原因分析及处理方法

针对地温异常数据种类,结合天气学原理、气象要素的时间、空间变化规律和各要素间相互联系的规律进行分析,找出导致异常数据原因,提出相应的处理方法,尽可能使缺测的要素及缺测时次减小到最小值,最大限度地保证资料的完整.     

基于不同邻近标签数选择的LANDMARC定位算法研究

对于基于射频识别的LANDMARC室内定位算法而言,该系统采用"k近邻"算法,通过选取k个与待测标签相邻且符合特定条件的参考标签,最后根据这些标签的位置结合权值估算出待测标签的坐标信息.但是在实际的操作过程中,最近邻参考标签数的选取无指导原则,具有一定的盲目性.针对这一问题,通过选取与待定位参考点最近邻的参考节点作为未知点,通过搜索法获得最优的邻近标签数k,在随后的未知节点的定位过程中,选取k个邻近标签进行定位.经过多次实验,最终得出结论,使用改进后的LANDMARC算法的性能要优于原来经典的LANDMARC算法,精确度提升了10%左右,同时避免了k值选取的盲目性.     

灯塔5．1级地震的烈度与震害

2013年1月23日辽宁省灯塔市柳条寨镇发生M5．1级地震,震中烈度达到Ⅵ度。本文阐述了这次地震的地震参数,烈度划分标志,烈度分布及震害特点等内容。