Discussion on origin of Pn velocity variationin China and adjacent region

IntroductionInrecentyears,theresultsfromresearchesonwavevelocitystructureofuppermostmantleusingMohorefractionwavesindicatethattheclearlateralvelocityvariationandanisotropyexistintheuppermostmantle(Hearn,1996,1999;Mele,etal,1998;WANG,etal,2002).Astotheoriginofvelocitylateralvariation,thegeneralconsiderationisthatitmayberelatedtothemate-rialcomposition,pressureandtemperatureintheuppermostmantle(Hearn,1984,1999;Beghouletal,1993).Theseismicanisotropyoftheuppermostmantleisnowanestablishedfactan…     

做好矿井地质工作为煤矿生产服务

地 质构 造 发 育 规律 ,煤 层赋 存 状 况 ,顶 底 板的 发 育 情 况等 地 质 条 件是 影 响 煤 矿生 产 的 主 要 因 素 , 以 四 采 区为 例,综合 分析 了 矿井 地质 条 件,简述 做好 矿 井地 质工 作,为煤 矿 生产 提供 可 靠的 技术 资 料的 重要 性 。     

空间数据融合的研究进展:从经典方法到扩展方法

随着数据获取方式和技术的多样化,多源空间数据持续累积,迫切需要研究数据集成方法,以更好地为地学研究与应用提供信息和技术支持。将各种用于集成多源空间数据的处理过程统称为数据融合,并从经典方法和扩展方法的角度,分别综述相关研究进展。为综述经典方法的研究进展,依据空间对象数据模型和场数据模型,理清了数据融合及其相关数据处理较成熟的方法;对于扩展方法,阐述了多点地统计方法、统计-机理型方法、多尺度分析与重构方法、信息论方法等。为更有效地支持多源异构数据环境下的数据融合,讨论了尺度不匹配、语义不一致性、时间维等问题。     

一种双频载波相位周跳探测与修复方法

针对相位减伪距法只能探测出大周跳而对小周跳无能为力的问题,提出将相位减伪距法应用于双频载波相位周跳的探测与修复中。对采样率为1s、15s和30s不含周跳的观测值分别加入1周到40周不等大小的周跳,采用相位减伪距法分别对加入周跳的观测值进行处理。结果表明,该方法对于采样率为15s和30s的观测值仍然保持其优秀的大周跳探测能力,对采样率为1s的载波相位观测值则能够探测出小于1周的周跳,且其周跳探测分辨率能达到0.3周的高周跳分辨率。与其他周跳探测方法相比,该方法需要的信息量和计算量更小,效率高,算法易于计算机实现,且具有很强的实用性。     

Simulation and assessment of soil temperature and moisture in seasonally frozen soil regions of the Tibetan Plateau based on SHAW model北大核心CSCD

In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the problem of the cryosphere changes on the Tibetan Plateau,and it has gradually become a hot issue for scholars. Known as the“water tower of Asia”,the Tibetan Plateau is the source of many major rivers in Asia. Under the combined influence of climate change and human activities,water resources on the Tibetan Plateau have undergone profound changes,especially soil water,as an important component of water resources,which plays an important role in regulating vegetation and crop growth,rainfall and runoff. However,global warming leads to the degradation of permafrost and seasonal⁃ ly frozen soil,which affects the original water cycle process and the spatial and temporal pattern of water re⁃ sources by changing the properties of soil water storage and water transport. In the Tibetan Plateau,where there are few data,it is difficult to directly study the soil water cycle process under freezing-thawing by using original data. Therefore,it is an important means to simulate the variation characteristics of soil water and temperature under freezing-thawing in seasonally frozen soil regions of the Tibetan Plateau by using coupling model of soil water and heat. Aiming at the key problem of the difference of soil temperature and moisture characteristics in typical seasonally frozen soil regions under different meteorological conditions,this paper simulated the charac⁃ teristics of soil moisture and temperature change in Maqu,Naqu（Nagqu）and Shiquanhe from 2017 to 2018 by using SHAW（Simultaneous Heat and Water）model and three soil moisture characteristic curve models. The simulation effect and variation characteristics of soil moisture and temperature under different meteorological conditions were analyzed,and the influence of soil moisture characteristic curve model on the simulation effect was studied. The results show that SHAW model can well simulate the temporal variation and vertical distribu⁃ tion of soil temperature and moisture under different meteorological conditions. The simulation effect of soil tem⁃ perature is better than that of soil moisture. The average NSE,R2 and RMSE of soil temperature are 0. 88,0. 96 and 2. 20 ℃,respectively. The mean NSE,R2 and RMSE of soil moisture are 0. 60,0. 72 and 0. 03 m3·m-3,respec⁃ tively. In terms of different meteorological conditions,the simulation effect of soil temperature in relatively dry region was significantly better than that in humid region,while the simulation effect of soil water in relatively hu⁃ mid region was significantly better than that in arid region. From different depths in soil,the simulation effect of soil temperature decreases gradually with the increase of depth,while the simulation effect of soil moisture in the middle and lower layers is better than that in the surface layer. From the view of different soil moisture character⁃ istic curve models,different soil water characteristic curve models have no significant effect on soil temperature simulation effect,but there are significant differences in soil moisture simulation effect. In addition,there are great differences and uncertainties in simulating soil temperature and moisture in different freezing-thawing stag⁃ es. With the increasing trend of climate warming,permafrost and seasonally frozen soil on the Tibetan Plateau may continue to degrade,may change the current water resources pattern,resulting in frequent extreme weather events. Therefore,from the perspective of numerical simulation,this paper verified the applicability of soil moisture and heat coupling model in soil temperature and moisture simulation under different meteorological con⁃ ditions,revealed the influence of precipitation and temperature on soil temperature and moisture simulation at different depths in seasonally frozen soil regions,and analyzed the differences in simulation effects of different soil moisture characteristic curve models. The results provide reference for the study of soil water resources vari⁃ ation under freezing-thawing conditions. © 2023 Chinese Journal of General Practitioners. All rights reserved.     

扬子克拉通古元古代变质演化——来自黄陵穹窿石榴斜长角闪岩的证据

为探讨扬子克拉通古元古代变质作用特征及其形成的构造背景,对黄陵穹窿北部石榴斜长角闪岩开展了岩相学、地球化学和年代学研究。结果表明,石榴斜长角闪岩中主要矿物有石榴子石、斜长石、角闪石、单斜辉石、石英、钛铁矿等,其中保留有3个阶段的不同变质期次的矿物组合,进变质矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿,峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+单斜辉石+石英+钛铁矿,退变质矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿。石榴斜长角闪岩原岩为亚碱性玄武岩,属于拉斑系列,Mg^#较低,表明其原岩经历了一定程度的分异作用。使用传统地质温压计计算不同变质阶段的温压条件分别为：进变质阶段,t=596～625℃,p=0.70～0.82 GPa;峰期变质阶段,t≈760℃,p≈1.35 GPa;退变质阶段,t=692～738℃,p=0.68～0.74 GPa,并建立了一条顺时针的p-t轨迹,显示出先升温升压至峰期阶段,随后发生近等温减压的过程。这一p-t轨迹体现了汇聚板块边缘俯冲-碰撞的构造背景,对石榴斜长角闪岩中的锆石进行U-Pb定年,获得了2 008±11 Ma的谐和年龄,并结合该...     

晋冀蒙交界地区地震活动性增强分析和预测规则的优化

晋冀蒙交界地区处于华北地块、鄂尔多斯地块和燕山地块交界处,其地震活动受到构造应力场变化的影响,和未来中强地震有一定关联性.2019年以来,晋冀蒙交界地区出现 M_L3．0以上地震显著增强现象,为了评估此区域地震活动起伏的震兆意义,构建有效的预测方法,文章将增强区域作为地震频次的窗口,选取 M_L3．0以上地震年滑动频次为预测指标.通过回溯历次5级以上地震前的地震活动情况,确定最优预测规则.经过在预测规则参数空间扫描,以R 值作为目标函数,最终确定的预测窗长和阈值为2年和14次,在此规则下地震频次预测指标有较好的预测效果和较高信度.     

江苏高邮—宝应MS4.9地震强震动观测与记录分析

2012年7月20日江苏高邮—宝应交界处发生MS4.9地震,对江苏省数字强震动台网43个台站获取的强震记录进行初步分析得出,地震的最大水平向加速度为33.76 cm/s2,并计算地震的仪器烈度,得出烈度分布等值线图,与地震现场实际调查的烈度分布情况基本一致。     

地表臭氧时空分布及其与多尺度景观类型的关系研究

地表臭氧是中国许多城市的首要大气污染物,其浓度与城市景观规划密切相关。本文以深圳市为研究区,利用大气监测站点数据和多源地理空间数据,选择广义加性模型（Generalized additive model,GAM）,刻画地表臭氧时空分布特征。结合相关分析和多元逐步回归分析方法,研究地表臭氧浓度与多尺度景观类型的关系。结果显示：(1)地表臭氧年均浓度空间差异明显,呈现西高东低,西北靠近内陆的区域浓度较高。秋季浓度最高,年度峰值出现在10月,是地表臭氧污染防治的重点时期。(2)人工地表扩张会显著提高地表臭氧浓度,人工地表斑块优势度和聚合度越高,对地表臭氧浓度的促进越明显;林地占比的增多对地表臭氧浓度有明显的抑制作用,林地斑块优势度和聚合度越高,对地表臭氧浓度的抑制作用越明显。(3)整体景观的异质性降低、优势度和聚合度提高,对地表臭氧浓度的削减作用显著。研究结果可为协同推进地表臭氧污染防治和景观优化设计提供科学依据。     

2021年9月安徽巢湖井水温异常分析

基于安徽巢湖井2008—2022年水温观测数据,分析该井水温的变化特征及可能存在的影响因素;重点分析了2021年9月以来该井水温持续上升的异常变化。结果显示：在2021年12月22日江苏常州M_S4.2地震前,巢湖井水温于2021年9月26日出现快速上升变化,上升幅度约0.15℃,震后水温上升速率减缓;2套水温的比测结果也显示二者变化一致性较好,具有相同的变化趋势;调和分析及水化学分析显示异常变化可能与构造活动有关。通过分析认为,该井水温异常信度较高,具有一定的前兆意义。