城市GIS基础图库的更新

本文主要结合对常州市规划局城市地理信息中心基础图库的更新，探讨对城市GIS基础图库更新的技术途径。     

从卫星云图估计地面气旋中心深度

众所周知,气旋发展的不同阶段,随风而飘的云形必然有所反映,也即由云图可估算地面气旋中心的深度.现将琼嘉(N.W.Junker)和哈勒里(D.J.Haller)两人概括的模式图简介于下(图1、图2)     

渭河洪水防御体系研究

渭河流域暴雨洪水频繁,加之近几十年来渭河下游河床抬升及河段淤积引起行洪条件恶化,使得洪水灾害已成为陕西关中地区经济社会可持续发展的重要制约因素,文章对渭河洪水防御体系建设进行了全面分析,提出了现状防御体系存在的主要问题,提出了建立渭河洪水防御体系建设及做好渭河防汛工作的措施,为减轻洪水灾害损失,做到有效的防御洪水灾害,做好渭河防汛工作有一定的借鉴作用。     

云南哀牢山金矿带镇沅超大型造山型金矿床碳质物特征及其成矿意义

哀牢山金矿带位于三江特提斯造山带的东南部,发育有一系列大型-超大型造山型金矿床,并广泛发育碳质物,但碳质物在金矿成矿过程中的作用还尚不明确。为了确定碳质物在金矿化过程中所扮演的角色,本研究以哀牢山金矿带镇沅超大型造山型金矿发现的不同种类的碳质物和共生黄铁矿为研究对象,对其进行了岩相学、拉曼光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、碳同位素和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析,研究结果表明镇沅金矿中有3类碳质物：CM1、CM2和CM3。CM1呈深灰色不规则形态,拉曼光谱分析显示CM1具有低强度、宽的D1带和高强度、窄的G峰,D2峰较明显,计算显示其形成温度为172~200℃,低于成矿温度（250~330℃）。此外,傅里叶红外分析结果表明CM1石墨化程度低,含较少的CH键和C=O键,表明其未经历热液蚀变。碳同位素分析显示CM1样品的δ¹³C值为-26.46‰~-26.89‰。与CM1空间上共生的黄铁矿（Py1）呈草莓状分布于碳质板岩中,LA-ICP-MS结果表明Py1的Co、Ni、Zn、Mo、Te元素含量高;CM2呈灰色细长沥青状,拉曼光谱分析显示CM2的D1峰和G峰较CM1更为尖锐,面积近似,且D2峰的光谱分峰程度很低,计算显示其形成温度为358~463℃,高于成矿温度。傅里叶红外分析结果显示,CM2石墨化程度高,在2925 cm^-1和1705 cm^-1处有明显的谱峰,含有较多的CH₂+CH₃、C=O和C=C键。CM3呈灰色细小颗粒状,拉曼光谱分析显示CM3的光谱特征与CM1的相似,但CM3的D2峰具有独立的峰段,计算显示其形成温度为258~322℃,与成矿温度一致。碳同位素分析显示CM3的δ¹³C值为-9.09‰~-14.12‰。与CM3空间上共生的黄铁矿（Py2）呈自形分布于含金石英脉中,LA-ICP-MS结果表明Py2的As、Au元素含量高。综合以上结果,笔者认为CM1来源于有机质,形成于碳质板岩的早期成岩阶段,属于变质成因,与其共生的Py1形成于成岩期,属于沉积成因的黄铁矿。CM2的形成温度高于成矿温度,也为变质成因。CM3源于成矿流体,形成于围岩中的含铁矿物和成矿流体发生反应,属于热液成因,而Py2与CM3从流体中同时沉淀。其中CM1和CM3在金矿化过程中起到重要的作用。CM1作为还原剂能够有效和成矿流体中金的硫氢络合物发生水岩反应促使金的沉淀,而CM3在硫化过程中和Py2共同沉淀导致成矿流体中H₂S的大量消耗,进一步破坏了金的硫氢络合物稳定性,导致金沉淀和再富集。     

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta)

In 2008, a green tide broke out before the sailing competition of the 29th Olympic Games in Qingdao. The causative species was determined to be Enteromorpha prolifera (Ulva prolifera O. F. Müller), a familiar green macroalga along the coastline of China. Rapid accumulation of a large biomass of floating U. prolifera prompted research on different aspects of this species. In this study, we constructed a nonnormalized cDNA library from the thalli of U. prolifera and acquired 10 072 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs). These ESTs were assembled into 3 519 nonredundant gene groups, including 1 446 clusters and 2 073 singletons. After annotation with the nr database, a large number of genes were found to be related with chloroplast and ribosomal protein, GO functional classification showed 1 418 ESTs participated in photosynthesis and 1 359 ESTs were responsible for the generation of precursor metabolites and energy. In addition, rather comprehensive carbon fixation pathways were found in U. prolifera using KEGG. Some stress-related and signal transduction-related genes were also found in this study. All the evidences displayed that U. prolifera had substance and energy foundation for the intense photosynthesis and the rapid proliferation. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I revealed that this green-tide causative species is most closely affiliated to Pseudendoclonium akinetum (Ulvophyceae).     

dwg航测数据到shapefile数据的转换

每个GIS软件都有自己的内部数据格式和存储方式,为使其他软件格式数据与之进行数据交换,航测线划图的原始数据根据后期处理操作平台的不同,可能需要转化成不同的文件格式,我们可以根据要求将该文件生成目标文件,从而为其他系统读入。     

浅析海北地区气象灾害分布特征

本文对1990～2003年海北州气象灾害进行了分析归类，从中总结出了海北州春旱、沙尘、冰雹、洪水等的分布特征。     

Oxidant-elemental sulfur as an effective promoter for transformation of organic matter to hydrocarbons at moderate-low temperatures

Elemental sulfur is widely dispersed in the hydrocarbon source rocks and its depositional environment is usually thought as a reducing environment. The presence or absence of free oxygen is a key to identify oxidizing or reducing environment. But elemental sulfur is often present as an oxidant in this environment. When elemental sulfur meets with organic matter, redox reaction will occur. In our simulation experiments at 200 -400℃ , the existence of elemental sulfur can sharply increase the amounts of hydrocarbons, hence leading to the production of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases. At the temperature of 300℃ , the addition of elemental sulfur will further enhance the relative yields of hydrocarbons,and the final yield of total extracts and gaseous hydrocarbons of similitude kerogens by more than 463% and 2760% , respectively, while those of oil shales are increased by about 71% and 2044% , respectively. But at the temperature of 450℃, elemental sulfur plays a negative role in liquid hydrocarbon formation. The presence of elemental sulfur is probably a key factor in the gypsolyte environment leading to the formation of immature or low-mature oils, as well as the coexistence of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases.     

南天山：晚古生代还是三叠纪碰撞造山带？

伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木-卡拉库姆板块之间的南天山造山带是‘中亚型造山带’的典型代表之一，经历了复杂的构造演化与地壳增生过程。传统上，它被视为华力西期褶皱带或晚古生代碰撞造山带。但近年来，部分学者提出它可能为三叠纪碰撞造山带。本文在综述南天山造山带的蛇绿岩、高压变质岩、花岗岩类等方面研究成果的基础上，讨论了其碰撞造山的时限。我国境内南天山西段碰撞造山可能开始于早石炭世（345Ma），结束于晚石炭世末（300Ma左右）。二叠纪时期，南天山至整个中亚地区进入后碰撞演化阶段。现有资料证实南天山为一晚古生代碰撞造山带，并非一三叠纪碰撞造山带。