叠加式晕渲的生产及应用

晕渲是专题地图编绘中的常用技术之一,提出一种晕渲制作的新方法,并结合实例介绍该项技术在数字城市电子地图编制工作中的应用情况。     

一次强风切变过程的分析及成因讨论

2006年6月21日09:04南京禄口机场监测到较强风切变。龙王山(南京)多普勒天气雷达观测图上显示,此时恰有一直径为50 km的对流云团自西向东经过禄口机场。南京市地面自动气象站的观测也表明,此时在南京地区近地层气流出现急剧变化。利用多普勒天气雷达资料对风暴进行立体结构分析,并结合地面自动气象站资料分析得知,这次过程在3 km以下的低层有水平方向的风切变,在1 km高度处有垂直方向的风切变。从多普勒天气雷达的垂直积分液态含水量产品能够更直接地看到对流云团的发展过程,这有助于预报风切变发生的位置。这次雷暴系统中宏下击暴流引起的高空气流下沉,至地面后向两侧辐散,造成水平方向及垂直方向都有强风切变存在。     

风廓线雷达中风切变分析方法的初步研究

在风廓线雷达连续输出的风场时间高度显示图上,尝试进行风场的流线分析和风切变值等值线分析,以便用于识别强烈风切变区。在风场变化比较均匀时,分析出的线形分布比较平缓,而在风场变化比较剧烈的区域,风向等值线、垂直风切变等值线和流线三者一致表现出了汇聚特点,线形的分布也异常地密集,分析结果直观地反映出了风场分布的特征和危险性风切变区域,该结果有助于风切变自动识别方法的研究。     

南京地区夏季雷暴的雷达雷电特征分析

通过对2009年发生在南京的6次雷暴过程的雷达回波强度、VWP产品、垂直速度等雷达产品和探空资料等常规气象产品以及闪电资料的对比分析,发现VWP产品对雷暴过程中大气的湿度条件有较好的指示作用,ND区的初始破坏时间往往早于雷暴中闪电的发生时间。闪电主要发生在雷达最大回波顶高度突破9 km之后,并且最大回波顶高度较闪电峰值有约12 min的提前量。雷达平均垂直速度图中出现强上升中心后的短时间内闪电将会突然增大。     

PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER HEIGHT MEASURED BY A WIND PROFILER BASED ON THE WAVELET TRANSFORM

Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is an important input parameter for any boundary layer study or model, either climate or atmospheric. The variation of the PBLH is also of great significance to the physical processes of numerical prediction, diagnosis of weather forecasting and monitoring urban pollutants. However, effective ways to monitor the PBLH continuously are lack. Wind profilers are commonly used in monitoring PBLH continuously because of its high temporal and spatial resolution, coupled with capability of continuous detection. In this paper, the covariance wavelet transform (CWT) is used to analyze the range-corrected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the wind profiler to determine the PBLH, which is then compared with the results measured by the gradient method and the radiosonde. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The scaling parameter a and translation parameter b of the wavelet are critical in determination of the PBLH by applying the CWT as different values may get completely different results, which requires to select appropriate values in the calculation carefully. (2) Quality control is crucial in determining the PBLH because good quality control can help remove mutation points, which makes the determined PBLH more consistent with the actual situation. (3) In clear-air, the gradient method is not applicable if the boundary layer turbulence is inhomogeneous and the impact of noise is large for that it is easy to be impacted by the mutation of SNR caused by the atmosphere turbulence instability and other factors, which will cause large errors, while the CWT method as an improvement of the gradient method can determine the PBLH quite well. (4) Through quality control, the PBLHs determined by the CWT are consistent with those of radiosonde, and the correlation coefficient between them is 0.87.     

基于偏度方法的地物杂波识别及去除

基于2013年常州站多普勒天气雷达基数据,利用偏度方法逐网格识别和去除地物杂波。结果表明:地物杂波具有高的反射率分布,为负偏度;非地物杂波则呈现较低的反射率分布,为正偏度。采用偏度方法设计的雷达地物杂波去除方法可有效去除地物杂波,滤波后的新雷达基数据可在业务上应用于雷达定量估测降水和预报,进一步提高雷达降水估测和预报能力。     

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LOW-LEVEL JET STREAMS IN NANJING AREA BASED ON WIND PROFILER DATA

In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area, statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations, characteristics of their cores and accompanying weather conditions using wind profile data in 2005—2008 collected by two wind profilers. The results show that low-level jets have significant monthly and diurnal variations. They occur more frequently in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and are more active in early morning and at night, with the maximum wind speed usually occurring at midnight. The central part of the low-level jet occurs mainly at the height of less than 1400 meters, and the enhancement of central speed is beneficial to the appearance of precipitation. Meanwhile, when the low-level jet appears in summer, it helps cause heavy rain. The statistical results of the boundary wind profiler are well consistent with those of the tropospheric wind profiler. Two kinds of wind profilers also have the capability of continuously detecting the development of low-level jets.     

中国钢铁产品国际贸易流与碳排放跨境转移

控制温室气体排放最终要落实到不同国家、不同行业之间的利益分配和责任分担,尤其是通过国际商品贸易转移的碳排放是在国家间分配排放配额时必须考虑的指标。基于中国钢铁产品国际贸易流的分析表明,中国在国际钢铁产品贸易中处于垂直产业内贸易的低端,中国具有比较优势的钢铁产品多为加工程度低、技术含量低、能源消耗强度大的初级产品。由于我国进出口钢铁产品在附加价值和能源消耗强度方面存在明显的差异,随着中国钢铁产品国际贸易规模的扩大,使大量CO₂排放责任向中国净转移。我国学者应以更加积极的姿态参与到国际谈判、国际规则的制订中,从产品生产者和消费者两个层面合理界定中国在全球温室气体减排中的责任,力争在气候变化国际谈判中确保中国的经济贸易利益。     

基于深度学习的CT定量指标对糖尿病合并新型冠状病毒肺部感染的影像学研究

目的：探讨基于深度学习的CT定量指标对糖尿病合并新型冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）患者肺部感染的影像学特征分析。资料与方法：回顾性纳入2022年12月至2023年1月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院感染科收治的COVID-19患者的临床及影像学数据,根据患者的糖尿病史分为糖尿病组及非糖尿病组,通过单因素分析两组的临床及CT定量影像学特征。结果：共纳入112例COVID-19患者,年龄26～95岁,平均（70.4±14.4）岁,女性占比44.6%(50/112例)。在临床方面,糖尿病组的C反应蛋白水平明显升高。在定量指标方面,糖尿病组患者的全肺及左肺病灶数目、病灶体积、病灶占比更大,糖尿病组的纵隔淋巴结数目更多;此外,糖尿病组患者的磨玻璃病灶及实性病灶体积更大,其磨玻璃实性病灶体积比更小。在影像学征象方面,糖尿病组患者的病灶形态呈大片状、束带状比例更高,其存在晕征、空气支气管征、空气潴留征、马赛克灌注及胸膜下黑带的比例更高。结论：糖尿病合并COVID-19患者的肺部病变具有相对的特征性,基于深度学习的CT定量指标显示糖尿病组的COVID-19患者肺部受累的病变范围更大、程度更重,其实性病...     

压实黄土地基载荷浸水模型试验及湿陷变形计算方法研究

为研究压实黄土地基湿陷变形规律和已有湿陷变形计算方法的可靠性,开展室内杨凌压实黄土地基载荷浸水模型试验,应用一维湿陷系数法、弦线模量法和切线模量法三种方法计算其湿陷变形量,并与实测结果进行对比。实验结果表明压实黄土地基浸水后,湿陷变形很快发生,随后湿陷变形量随时间几乎不再增加,湿陷变形集中在附加应力作用的地基上部土层。三种方法计算的湿陷变形结果表明：荷载板受荷较小时,不考虑侧向挤出和考虑侧向挤出修正系数的一维湿陷系数法所得湿陷变形量分别接近和大于实际变形量;受荷较大时,不考虑侧向挤出和考虑侧向挤出修正系数的一维湿陷系数法所得湿陷变形量均远小于实际变形量。基于原位载荷试验获得的弦线模量不适用于重塑压实黄土地基湿陷变形量计算。切线模量法由于未能较好考虑初始屈服面的弹性变形,计算所得湿陷变形量大于实际变形量。