Chinese Bio-oxidation Gold Extraction Technology Reaches International Advanced Level

In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become ＂stay mine＂. Features of refi＇actory gold ores are： gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid （alkali） oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc.     

广西夏季降水的多时间尺度特征及影响因子

利用1951—2011年广西夏季降水站点资料和NCEP/NACR等多种再分析资料,通过相关分析、经验模态分解、统计检验分析了广西夏季降水的多时间尺度特征及其影响因子,利用多元线性回归方法对夏季降水进行拟合和预测试验。结果显示:广西夏季降水具有多时间尺度特征,不同时间尺度对应着环流因子不同时间尺度的分量;在准2年尺度上,主要影响因子为季风槽、低空急流、高空急流、贝加尔湖高度场、南印度洋东部海温。利用对广西夏季降水影响显著的环流因子本征模态函数分量和多元线性回归方法拟合夏季降水,相关系数为0.73,表明广西夏季降水是环流因子多时间尺度共同作用的结果。利用前期冬季南印度洋东部海温异常本征模态函数作为前兆因子预报广西夏季降水,6个独立样本检验显示预测与实况趋势一致,该工作可供利用多时间尺度信息进行区域气候预测参考。     

China Output of Crude Oil Hits High in 2012

According to news from the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation,the crude oil output in China for 2012 was expected to amount to 207 million tons,likely setting the highest record for domestic oil production. In 2012,crude oil output by the China Natural Petroleum Company (CNPC) climbed again after 17 years to the order of magnitude of 110 million tons,with an actual output of 110.33 million tons.Compared to the 2.79 million tons in the previous year,the figure has increased by 2 million tons for three successive years.The crude oil output produced by the CNPC comes mainly from three areas:the Daqing oilfield in Heilongjiang Province,NE China,which has produced more than 40 million tons for ten successive years;the Changqing oilfield in the Odors Basin in north Shaanxi Province,with an annual output of 22.62 million tons;and the Xinjiang,Tarim and Tuha oilfields in western Xinjiang Province,with a total oil output of 18.39 million tons.The domestic production of crude oil by the CNPC in 2012 was 43.185 million tons,with verified oil/gas reserves exceeding 800 million tons of oil equivalent.Currently,China's output for crude oil has not reached its peak and is increasing consistently.     

Roof of the World

First Joint meeting of the Geological Society of China （GSC） and the Geological Society of America （GSA） Brought together by the GSA International Section Chengdu, China in 17-19 June 2013. The abstracts are available online and can be downloaded for free.     

Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.     

A Large Dinosaur Assemblage has been Discovered in Pu’an, Yunyang County, Chongqing, China

<正>In June 2017,the Chongqing Municipal Government and Chinese scientists announced the discovery of a world-class dinosaur assemblage in Pu'an,a town of Yunyang County.Chongqing.This group of skeletons was buried in the Jurassic Ziliujing Formation Da'anzhai member and the lower and upper members of the Shaximiao Formation.The Da'anzhai member of the Ziliujing Formation is mainly bioclastic shale interbedded with thin     

Coalbed Methane-bearing Characteristics and Reservoir Physical Properties of Principal Target Areas in North China

The coalbed methane (CBM) resources in North China amounts up to 60% of total resources in China. North China is the most important CBM accumulation area in China. The coal beds of the Upper Paleozoic Taiyuan and Shanxi formations have a stable distribution. The coal reservoir of target areas such as Jincheng, Yanquan-Shouyang, Hancheng, Liulin, etc. have good CBM-bearing characteristics, high permeability and appropriate reservoir pressure, and these areas are the preferred target areas of CBM developing in China. The coal reservoirs of Wupu, Sanjiaobei, Lu'an, Xinmi, Anyang-Hebi, Jiaozuo, Xinggong and Huainan also have as good CBM-bearing characteristics, but the physical properties of coal reservoirs vary observably. So, further work should be taken to search for districts with high pressure, high permeability and good CBM-bearing characteristics. Crustal stresses have severe influence on the permeability of coal reservoirs in North China. From west to east, the crustal stress gradient increases, whil     

基于遗传算法的四维变分资料同化技术的研究

将遗传算法应用于四维变分资料同化问题,提供一种新的较为有效的数值预报初始场优化方法,给出了相应的理论依据和详细算法,并结合变分问题本身的特点,设计合理的遗传编码、遗传操作和遗传参数.同时,以二维的浅水方程模式为例建立基于遗传算法的变分同化模型,并从多方面与伴随模式变分同化方案进行分析比较.数值试验结果表明,基于遗传算法的变分同化方案取得了比较满意的同化效果.