彝良地震地质灾害特征及其空间分布分析

2012年9月7日11时19分和12时16分在云南省彝良县与贵州省威宁县交界处相继发生5.7级和5.6级地震(简称"9·07"彝良地震),此次地震诱发了大量的次生地质灾害,文中基于现场调查和遥感影像目视解译的方法得到了彝良地震地质灾害的空间分布图,并对其分布特征做了分析。统计结果表明,此次地震诱发的地质灾害约213处,总面积约为0.67km2,地质灾害类型多样,但以崩塌、滚石为主。利用GIS空间分析功能,对此次地震诱发地质灾害的所在烈度区、地层、坡度和距水系、道路的距离等5个影响因子进行统计分析,深入揭示了影响因子对地震诱发地质灾害的控制作用。结果表明,此次地震诱发的次生地质灾害:1)多发生于沿洛泽河一带的石炭系内;2)多发生在Ⅷ度区内,且与烈度呈正相关关系;3)主要分布在坡度20°~50°范围;4)密集发生在距水系、道路的距离为500m内的区域,且与距水系、道路的距离呈负相关关系。     

云南典型民居建筑的抗震性能分析及其新问题探讨

基于多年实地调研考察和近20年的文献资料,对云南纳西族和汉族地区农村典型民居的抗震性能进行了研究。结合传统工艺中的抗震构造措施,分析了这种典型民居建筑形式的震害特征及原因,探讨了云南典型民居建筑在社会变迁中出现的抗震新问题和实施抗震加固工程中的问题,提出了提升区域整体抗震防灾能力的思考。     

小波分析和EEMD方法在广州气温及降水的多尺度分析中的差异分析

利用小波变换和集合经验模态分解（EEMD）的方法对广州市1908—2010年103 a的温度、降水资料进行多尺度分析,并对比EEMD和小波分析的差异。结果表明:（1） 小波分解基于先验的小波基函数和分解层次有较大的人为选择性,易产生虚假波动;（2） EEMD具有自适性,分解结果更稳定和一致,处理非线性、非平稳数据更准确;（3） EEMD分解显示,广州的温度、降水均存在2~6.8 a的年际尺度波动,年代际尺度上,温度表现为13.6 a、34 a、68 a的波动周期,降水存在22.6 a的波动周期。      

社会—生态系统综合风险防范的凝聚力模式

在综合风险防范“凝聚力”概念的基础上,从社会—生态系统综合风险防范的“凝聚力”基本原理、凝聚力形成中的协同效能、凝聚力实现手段、凝聚力优化对提高系统抗打击能力的作用等方面系统研究了“凝聚力”的科学内涵,并初步建立了“凝聚力”的模式,以期完善现有综合风险防范理论体系。结果表明：协同宽容、协同约束、协同放大和协同分散四个基本原理阐述了社会—生态系统综合风险凝聚力在协同运作上的四种表现,同时也是凝聚力在“凝心”和“聚力”具体问题上的4 种优化目标的阐释;凝聚力模式将四个协同原理及其优化目标转化为社会认知普及化、成本分摊合理化、组合优化智能化、费用效益最大化等一系列手段,实现了社会—生态系统综合风险防范产生的共识最高化、成本最低化、福利最大化以及风险最小化;运用复杂系统建模和仿真的方法,通过设计社会—生态系统结构和功能的表达,验证了随着系统凝聚力的提高,系统抵抗局部和全局打击的能力均得以增强,而且,可通过优化社会—生态系统中节点的结构和功能,以达到提升系统凝聚力的目的;凝聚力模式补充了灾害系统中脆弱性、恢复性、适应性等概念在阐释社会—生态系统综合风险防范问题上存在的缺陷。     

东营凹陷梁家楼油田有效输导体系研究

综合运用油源对比、断裂-砂体研究、油藏充注史分析等方法,对东营凹陷梁家楼地区输导体系进行了研究,认为梁家楼油田下第三系沙三中、下亚段及沙四上亚段有效烃源岩主要通过同生断层与沙三上亚段储层连通,垂向运移是本地区油气主要运移方式,断层是输导体系的主要组成部分,断层活动期次控制油气运移期次,有效烃源岩分布和断裂活动方式共同决定了油气运移模式,进而提出有效输导体系概念是油气运移路径空间有限性及时间有效性的统一表现。     

Numerical simulation of solitary and randomwave propagation through vegetation based on VOFmethod

A vertical two-dimensional numerical model has been applied to solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier- Stokes （RANS} equations in the simulation of current and wave propagation through vegetated and non- vegetated waters. The k-e model is used for turbulence closure of RANS equations. The effect of vegeta- tion is simulated by adding the drag force of vegetation in the flow momentum equations and turbulence model. To solve the modified N-S equations, the finite difference method is used with the staggered grid system to solver equations. The Youngs＇ fractional volume of fluid （VOF） is applied tracking the free sur- face with second-order accuracy. The model has been tested by simulating dam break wave, pure current with vegetation, solitary wave runup on vegetated and non-vegetated channel, regular and random waves over a vegetated field. The model reasonably well reproduces these experimental observations, the model- ing approach presented herein should be useful in simulating nearshore processes in coastal domains with vegetation effects.     

Many New Dinosaur Fossil Spots Discovered in the Dunhuang–Yumenguan–Jiuquan Area of Gansu Province, China

<正>Two Mesozoic intramontane basins are developed in the Dunhuang-Yumenguan-Jiuquan area of Gansu Province,China,i.e.,the Gongpoquan Basin(E97°30′-98°10′,N41°30′-41°45′)and the Yujingzi Basin(E98°15′-99°00′,N40°15'-40°40')(Fig.1).A large number of dinosaurs and other fossils have been discovered in these two basins,which are called dinosaur'tribes'by paleontologists.     

The First Discovery of the Late Cretaceous Protoceratopsid Fauna from Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China

<正>Objective Alxa,located in western Inner Mongolia,is covered by desert in many places with few Cretaceous outcrops.Only some Early Cretaceous dinosaur fossils have been discovered from several areas in Alxa Zuoqi and Ejin Qi,but no Late Cretaceous dinosaur fauna has been formally reported in Alxa.Fortunately,some remains of dinosaurs have been found from the central Alxa in the Late     

Significant New Dinosaur Egg Fossils Discovered in 2017

<正>1 Dinosaur Eggs in Yiwu City,Zhejiang Province In February 2017,dinosaur egg fossils were discovered in Chian Town part of Yiwu City,Zhejiang Province.They were confirmed by dinosaur experts from the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History to be those of Mesozoic herbivorous dinosaurs(Fig.1).Not long before,Yiwu Museum staff had discovered dinosaur eggs close by this place.