川西米亚罗林区云杉天然林与人工林的群落特征比较

云杉林是四川西部山区重要的群落类型,为了解云杉天然林和人工林在物种组成、物种多样性以及群落结构等方面的差异,促进该区域植被的恢复与重建,我们设置典型样地对两种林型进行了详细调查,通过比较分析表明:在川西米亚罗林区,林龄在30 a左右的云杉林,其天然林乔木层、灌木层的物种数以及其所属科、属数均明显比人工林多一些,而草本层物种数相差不大;但从物种多样性指数方面看,除天然林乔木层物种多样性要明显高于人工林外,二者在灌木层和草本层上无显著差异.天然林和人工林乔木层的生长状况无显著差异,天然林灌木层物种的平均密度和平均高度要显著大于人工林,平均盖度则没有显著差异;草本层各群落特征指标在两种林型之间没有显著差异.但是天然林乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种个体数在不同样地之间的变幅均要比人工林小.物种相似性指数的比较表明,天然林与人工林内物种组成较为一致,没有显著差异.     

Experimental Study of the Main Influencing Factors in Mechanical Properties of Conglomerate

In recent years, with the success of exploration and development of conglomerate reservoirs in Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin, China, it is urgent to study the mechanical properties and its influencing factors of conglomerate which is considered as a new oil and gas reservoir. Based on the investigations of petrologic characteristics, heterogeneity and mechanical properties of conglomerate in Baikouquan formation, the content and geometric characteristics of gravel in conglomerate, the main factors in heterogeneity and the mechanical behavior in the triaxial compression experiment of conglomerate are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the size and content of gravel in conglomerate varies greatly, and conglomerate has strong heterogeneity under the influence of gravel content and size. An analysis of mechanical properties of conglomerate shows that conglomerate is characterized by plasticity. Besides, the sphericity is negatively correlated to the gravel content, while the heterogeneity increases with the increase of conglomerate plasticity. Due to the existence of heterogeneous gravel, local stress may concentrate in conglomerate when the stress is loaded. Consequently, a large number of micro-cracks appear at the edge of gravel, demonstrating the strong plasticity of conglomerate. This paper is of referential significance to the study of rock mechanical properties and the evaluation of engineering properties in conglomerate development.     

Effects of the probability of pulse-like ground motions on landslide susceptibility assessment in near-fault areas

Earthquake-induced strong near-fault ground motion is typically accompanied by largevelocity pulse-like component, which causes serious damage to slopes and buildings. Although not all near-fault ground motions contain a pulse-like component, it is important to consider this factor in regional earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment. In the present study, we considered the probability of the observed pulse-like ground motion at each site(PP) in the region of an earthquake as one o...     

Re–Os Isotopic Dating of the Molybdenite from the Tongshan Porphyry Cu–MoDeposit in Heilongjiang Province, NE China

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details     

New Progress in Deep Earth Exploration and Application

正During October 24~(th)-26~(th) of 2018, the International Symposium on Deep Earth Exploration and Application was held in Beijing, China (Fig. 1). More than 300 experts from more than 20 countries and regions participated in the symposium. Well-known experts were invited to discuss important topics such as the evolution of the continents, the rheology of the lower crust, the deep carbon cycle, plate tectonics, deep seismic exploration,     

热带气旋强度极值变化特征及其分布模型研究

利用1949—2009年西北太平洋生成热带气旋以及登陆广东热带气旋的强度资料,讨论了其极值变化特征,并对比了极值Ⅰ型和广义极值两种概率分布函数的3种拟合方案对西北太平洋生成和登陆广东热带气旋的5个强度极值序列的拟合效果。结果表明:CMA-STI和JTWC的2套资料的西北太平洋生成热带气旋强度极值在1949—2009年都有显著减弱趋势,CMA-STI的极值序列在1988年前后出现突变,而这种突变可能是由于定强手段变化引起的。CMA-STI登陆广东热带气旋强度极值在1988年前后也出现明显变化,但未能通过突变检验。热带气旋登陆广东时的极端最低气压以年际振荡为主,1988年前后没有明显变化。对西北太平洋生成和登陆广东的热带气旋的5个强度极值序列,选用的3种拟合方案都是适用的,并且所得拟合分布结果较为接近,其中以广义极值方案的拟合误差最小,拟合效果最好。      

广东省风能资源分布的数值模拟

以风能资源数值模拟评估系统（WERAS）为基础,对其中的MM5模式模拟方案进行改进（即利用格点分析张弛逼近的方法完成3 h间隔的地面观测资料的四维同化处理,以减小原WERAS系统的模拟误差）,对广东省2009-06-01―2010-05-31的逐时风能资源进行高时空分辨率的数值模拟评估。模拟结果表明：广东省风能资源较丰富的地方主要分布在沿海地区和粤北、粤西海拔较高的山区,70 m高度上年平均风速达到6.0 m/s以上,年平均风功率密度达到300 W/m2以上;冬半年的风能资源优于夏半年;风能主要由出现频率相对较低的大风速过程产生。模拟结果所揭示的广东省风能资源时空分布特征与本地的气候特征和地形地表特征相符合,70 m高度风速模拟误差在10%左右,风功率密度模拟误差在30%左右。     

中国气候变化区划（1961-2010年）

气候条件是人类生存与发展的重要基础,亦是经济与社会可持续发展的重要影响因素.应对气候变化已成为世界各国政要、科学家、政府和公众高度关注的全球性问题.现行的中国气候区划均是以不同气候要素指标的多年均值为基础的,旨在表征气候状态的区域差异.然而在气候变化速率不断加快的今天,已有的气候区划并不能表达气候变化的区域差异,也不能反映由气候变化所带来的灾害与环境风险.本文利用1961-2010年气温和降水量的变化趋势值、波动特征值定量识别气候变化,结合中国地形特点,以县级行政区划为单元,完成了中国气候变化区划（1961-2010年）.一级区划根据气温和降水量的变化趋势将中国气候变化（1961-2010年）划分为5个变化趋势带,即东北-华北暖干趋势带、华东-华中湿暖趋势带、西南-华南干暖趋势带、藏东南-西南湿暖趋势带以及西北-青藏高原暖湿趋势带;二级区划根据气温和降水量的波动特征,在一级区划基础上划分为14个波动特征区.     

粤北岩溶区连江流域降雨侵蚀力

对连江流域35个气象站1980―2013年逐日雨量数据进行整理,利用日雨量、月雨量和年雨量方法计算得出RA、RB、RC,通过有效系数M检验得出最优R值;然后利用反距离加权、张力样条函数和普通克里金进行空间插值,通过检验确定最准确的插值方法,最后对其进行插值分析。结果表明：基于月降雨量的计算方法和反距离加权插值法更加适合于连江流域降雨侵蚀力的计算和估算;连江流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化明显,降雨侵蚀力变化与年际降水量变化基本一致;中上游高大山脉存在的地区,多年平均降雨侵蚀力明显高于其他地区;下游多年平均降雨量丰富,其多年平均降雨侵蚀也较严重。     

Bacterial diversity in the sediments collected from the Shikoku Basin

Diversity of bacteria was studied in deep-sea sediments from the Shikoku Basin in the Northwest Pacific Ocean by PCR, RFLP and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and comparing with Genbank database. Based on the RFLP profile generated, 77 clones from the 16S rDNA library were divided into 27 types. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 27 independent clones fell into four groups: Proteobacteria (62.96%), Chloroflexi (14.81%), Planctomycetes (14.81%) and Acidobacteria (7.41%). Among all sequenced clones, 6 were related to the sulfur or sulfate metabolism bacteria and the results also demonstrated that some bacteria in deep-sea sediments had relation to matter-energy circulation.