竖井投点技术

<正> 引言本文讨论了几种不同的竖井投点和方位角传递方法。进行竖井投点不只是为了把地面方位角传递到地下,还有许多其它理由要进行竖井投点。本文所列举的六个测量项目,均包括有竖井投点或方位角传递,其中有的项目只需数小时即可完成,有的却需若干天。在这里,关键问题在于时间。参加竖井投点的测量人员对完成此项工作而缺乏合适的时间,     

未来的地籍:对未来土地管理制度的意义——将全世界凝聚到一起?

前言 世界,它的不同文化,它的政治和经济制度处在无止境的发展进程中。这个进程,主要是人类的活动和创造力推动的。新的传媒和技术手段已经在影响着人类的生活、生活方式和行为方式。这个发展的一个结果便是世界人口的增长。     

是矿地产评估还是按你的愿望说个数?

根据“澳大利亚公司法”的要求,“独立专家报告”一般是支持资本筹集或保护公司兼并和收购活动所必需的文件。1995年颁发的“矿地产评估规范”(VALMIN Code)及该规范1998年的修订本又就透明性和实质性做了关键的要求,使这类评价和评估报告的可理解性比过去大大提高了。为促使“独立评估人”对其为资源性资产所做的估价给予合理的解释,VALMIN希望评估报告的读者指出报告在评估方法方面的错误和不合逻辑之处,并允许对评估结果提出严肃的质疑甚至反对。尽管资源性资产评估实践中的许多要求不可否认都是主观的,但这些主观要素肯定是建立在某些客观理由的基础之上的。 独立资源性资产评估人是矿产勘查人/采矿人与经纪人/分析家/资金管理者/投资者之间必不可少的桥梁。矿业和金融业都不希望他们使用不适当或无效的评估方法或在评估中使用不合逻辑的步骤。本文考察了某些不够合理的评估程序,发现有些评估人普遍使用的评价矿地产公平市价的主要技术最近一直被应用于某些评估实践中。作者希望阻止评估人采取或肆意使用“你希望是多少?”这类方法。 MINVAL公司认为,对任何资源性资产的评估都应采用尽可能多的方法。如果有任何近似的估计结果(尤其是当这些结果是使用不太主观的现有方法得出时),即:如果有些结果相近     

Biodegradation and environmental behavior of biodiesel mixtures in the sea: An initial study

Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derived from animal fats or vegetable oils, is rapidly moving towards the mainstream as an alternative source of energy. However, the behavior of biodiesel, or blends of biodiesel with fossil diesel, in the marine environment have yet to be fully understood. Hence, we performed a series of initial laboratory experiments and simple calculations to evaluate the microbial and environmental fate of FAMEs. Aerobic seawater microcosms spiked with biodiesel or mixtures of biodiesel and fossil diesel revealed that the FAMEs were degraded at roughly the same rate as n-alkanes, and more rapidly than other hydrocarbon components. The residues extracted from these different microcosms became indistinguishable within weeks. Preliminary results from physical-chemical calculations suggest that FAMEs in biodiesel mixtures will not affect the evaporation rates of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons but may stabilize oil droplets in the water column and thereby facilitate transport.     

The effects of fin rot disease and sampling method on blood chemistry and hematocrit measurements of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus from New Haven Harbor (1987--1990)

Winter flounder from New Haven, Connecticut were evaluated for fin rot disease. Blood samples collected from healthy and diseased fish were used to measure bilirubin, calcium, hematocrit, inorganic phosphorus, osmolality, and total protein. Blood measurements were significantly affected by the presence of fin rot disease and by sampling mode (bled immediately or after 18 h). A reduction in blood chemistry values was associated with fin rot disease. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify explanatory variables contributing to the fin rot outcome in winter flounder. Blood constituent levels were higher in fish bled immediately versus 18 h post-capture, especially among fish without fin rot, suggesting that a waiting period is necessary for blood values to stabilize following initial sampling stress. This study presents evidence that winter flounder blood chemistry and hematocrit measurements are affected by fin rot disease.     

Effects of anthropogenic seawater acidification on acid-base balance in the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris

The purple-tipped sea urchin, Psammechinus miliaris, was exposed to artificially acidified seawater treatments (pH(w) 6.16, 6.63 or 7.44) over a period of 8 days. Urchin mortality of 100% was observed at pH(w) 6.16 after 7 days and coincided with a pronounced hypercapnia in the coelomic fluid producing an irrecoverable acidosis. Coelomic fluid acid-base measures showed that an accumulation of CO(2) and a significant reduction in pH occurred in all treatments compared with controls. Bicarbonate buffering was employed in each case, reducing the resultant acidosis, but compensation was incomplete even under moderate environmental hypercapnia. Significant test dissolution was inferred from observable increases in the Mg(2+) concentration of the coelomic fluid under all pH treatments. We show that a chronic reduction of surface water pH to below 7.5 would be severely detrimental to the acid-base balance of this predominantly intertidal species; despite its ability to tolerate fluctuations in pCO(2) and pH in the rock pool environment. The absence of respiratory pigment (or any substantial protein in the coelomic fluid), a poor capacity for ionic regulation and dependency on a magnesium calcite test, make echinoids particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic acidification. Geological sequestration leaks may result in dramatic localised pH reductions, e.g. pH 5.8. P. miliaris is intolerant of pH 6.16 seawater and significant mortality is seen at pH 6.63.