认真学习部门规章 规范开展防雷减灾工作

2011年新修订的《防雷减灾管理办法》、《防雷装置设计审核和竣工验收规定》、《防雷工程专业资质管理办法》等规章,规定了各级气象主管机构开展防雷减灾依法行政的工作职责以及应尽的义务。通过对三个部门规章的学习,该文提出了县级气象主管机构开展防雷减灾工作的思路——＂政府主导、部门联动、社会参与、以我为主＂。     

安顺市一次飑线天气过程的诊断分析

该文利用FNL再分析资料(水平分辨率1°×1°)、常规的地面观测资料、中国国家卫星中心提供的TBB资料、贵阳雷达站提供的雷达资料,针对安顺市2020年5月31日出现的飑线天气过程,进行了环流背景、物理量、数值预报检验以及雷达回波、卫星云图特征等分析。结果表明：此次强对流天气过程是由地面辐合线、高空槽、中低层的低涡切变线和低空急流共同影响造成的;不稳定层结、大的垂直风切变、适当的0 ℃层和-20 ℃层高度为当日的飑线过程提供了有利的不稳定层结条件。贵州省上空出现了大范围的高温高湿区,大值区位于贵州省的中部以南地区,并在该区域存在明显的Ω型能量锋区和湿舌,为此次贵州飑线的触发和发展提供了很好的能量条件。此次飑线过程中,普定和安顺城区雷达回波图上均出现了高反射率因子和速度大值区,飑线中的普通单体在安顺城区发展为超级单体。卫星云图上贵州省中部出现了带状云系,强对流天气发生在对流云团边缘TBB的梯度大值区。从GRAPES-3 km逐小时的预报场与实况对比来看,对此次飑线过程的位置和强度预报都很好,说明该产品对短时预报和监测都有很好的指示意义。     

河南省沙尘暴时空分布特征及影响因子分析

对河南省沙尘暴时空分布特征及影响因子分析发现河南省沙尘暴在东部平原地区发生频率高于西部山区,在驻马店以北,年沙尘暴日数为1的等值线基本上与地势海拔100m地形等高线相吻合;沙尘暴的多发地区,沙尘暴日数年际变化在多数年份较为剧烈;河南省沙尘暴沙源并非全部来自省外,省内下垫面沙尘对沙尘暴的发生起了一定的促进作用;沙尘暴的发生与降水量关系极不明确,但在部分年份与月最长无降水日数和日照时数之间存在着一定的对应关系.     

WebGIS的实现与开发方法初探

地理信息系统（Geographic Information System简称GIS）是一项以计算机为基础的新兴技术.在计算机软硬件的支持下,它可以对空间数据按地理坐标或空间位置进行各种处理、对数据进行有效的管理、研究各种空间实体及相互关系.经过近40a的发展,GIS技术已在许多领域得到了广泛的应用,目前应用领域已经发展到60多个.     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPRING KUROSHIO SSTA AND SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA

Based on the data of SST and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the relationship is analyzed of spring SSTA in the Kuroshio region with summer precipitation in China, summer 500 hPa field and water vapor transport, using the methods of Morlet wave, correlation and composite analysis. The results show that annual and interdecadal change of spring SST in the Kuroshio region is distinct. Spring SST displays a significantly increasing trend and there exist different periodic oscillations in the Kuroshio region, with the 23-year periodic oscillation being the most obvious. Troughs and ridges in the mid- and higher- latitudes turn deeper in high Kuroshio SSTA years. At the same time, the western Pacific subtropical high strengthens and stretches westwards. As a result, the warm / wet air from the west of the subtropical high locates in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China and summer rainfall in the above regions increases accordingly. Composite anomalous water vapor flux fields indicate that the vapor transport from the South China Sea and western Pacific and the vapor from the north converge over the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China, which results in the increase of the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China. On the contrary, the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China decreases correspondingly in low Kuroshio SSTA years.     

Verification and Assessment of Real-time Forecasts of Two Extreme Heavy Rain Events in Zhengzhou by Operational NWP Models

In the present study, the performances of the NWP models on two heavy rainfalls on 20 July and 22 August 2021 over Henan Province were investigated. The impacts of the water vapor transport to the extreme rainfall were further discussed. The results showed that the regional model system in the Guangzhou Meteorological Service generally showed high scores on the extreme rainfall over Henan. The maximum 24h accumulative rainfall by the 24h forecasts by the CMA-GD reached 556 mm over Henan Province. The 24-h and 48-h Threat Score (TS) of heavy rainfall reached 0.56 and 0.64. The comparisons of the Fraction Skill Score (FSS) verifications of the heavy rainfall by CMA-GD and CMA-TRAMS at the radium of 40km reached 0.96 and 0.87. The water vapor transport to the extreme rainfall showed that the vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) of the whole layer before the occurrence of the heavy rainfall exhibited a double-eyes distribution in case 7 · 20. The north eye over Henan reached the same magnitude of IVT as the typhoon eye (Cempaka) over south China. The IVT over the lower troposphere (<500 hPa) showed an overwhelming magnitude than the upper level, especially in the planetary boundary layer (<700 hPa). More practical technical needs to be developed to improve its performances on the forecasting of extreme rainfall, as well as more experiments need to be conducted to examine the effects of the specific terrain and physical schemes on the extreme rainfall.     

基于卫星探测资料分析浙江省降水的时空分布特征

利用1998—2013年TRMM 3B42逐3 h降水强度资料和TRMM 3A12逐月对流和层状降水率资料,分析了浙江省多年降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:浙江省降水呈现自南向北、沿海向内陆递减,年降水存在显著的年际变化特征;此外,降水还存在季节内变化和月际变化特征,最大降水量在夏半年,春季、夏季、冬季降水内陆多于沿海,秋季降水则沿海多于内陆;采用EOF分析发现,浙江省降水的空间分布存在3个典型场:一致偏多(少)型、南涝北旱型、东西差异型;浙江省下垫面的差异引起的天气、气候效应对对流性降水产生影响,而层状降水则与浙江省降水关联不大,对流性降水率远远大于层状降水率。     

珠江流域夏半年降水的预测

采用珠江流域1954～2003年月降水资料,以及前期太平洋海温场和北半球500 hPa高度场月平均资料,利用主分量逐步回归预测模型,对该流域夏半年(4～9月)降水分布进行主分量计算和预测.结果表明:对前25个主分量的预测就能很好地预测珠江流域夏半年降水的变化,2004～2006年预测结果与实况较接近.预测因子取自500 hPa高度场和海温场的主分量,为降水的预测提供大量有用信息.该方法在实际业务中有一定的应用价值.     

人工影响天气作业点防雷措施

由于人影作业点工作的特殊性：建筑物小、设施少、人员少,多建在地址相对较高、视野开阔的山顶或台地上,冰雹云（积雨云）进入路径的上风位置,容易出现雷击事故。但在进行雷电防护措施处理时,却只能参照相关标准,给人影作业点防雷设计施工带来一定的困难,为此,该文在分析人影作业点概况的基础上,提出作业点雷电防护措施。