日本三波川变质带的演化

三波川变质带位于亚洲大陆的东部边部,构成西南日本侏罗系杂岩体的一部分,它的俯冲可能与在赤道区形成的Kurosgaua地体的碰撞有关。三波川片岩第一带变形发生在韧性条件下,构造置换方向为N30°E,与大陆边缘平行,变形过程中伴有鞘褶皱及矿物拉伸线理的形成。在此阶段,发生大量矿物反应,并伴有变斑晶如石榴石、钠长石的同构造生长,它们在生长过程中发生以垂直流动方向为轴的旋转。变斑晶中的矿物包裹体研究表明,这期变形作用一直持续到变质作用的退变阶段。在本期变形的较晚阶段,发生周态变质的超基性、基性岩石的侵位,高温榴辉岩体的侵位使得角闪片岩发生榴辉岩化进变质作用,并发生接触变质。变质相系由绿纤石     

高压区域变质地体中的亚稳结晶作用

通常假定变质岩已达到化学上的平衡(Goldschidt,1911;Eskola,1915),但非平衡和亚稳矿物及其组合并非罕见。局部平衡和表面平衡的概念将平衡的分析扩展到诸如石榴石、斜长石的环带体系及由局部离子交换而产生的化学不均匀体系之中,但仍有一些矿物和结构并不能用平衡和局部平衡的模式来加以解释。下面将要描述的几个例子主要来自于高压区域变质地体,少数几个来自于低压带。在这些例子当中,平衡分析被认为是最有效的。加里福尼亚的圣弗兰西斯科:(1)硬玉辉石:化学成分的不均匀性;(2)钠长     

南非Namaqua活动带内Aggeneys元古宙地体的构造演化和构造作用——一个渐进的韧性剪切模式

通过对Namaqua活动带的构造和地层背景的重新评价,我们把该活动带再分成(图1)不同的岩性和构造地体(根据Coney等人的概念,1981) 该活动带的东部向北东方向延伸,它也可以再分。在所划分的地体中,大多数都以大型剪切带为界,并且经测定,一些地体甚至有100km长的位移。在此提出的Aggeneys地体的构造演化就卷入了巨大的水平滑移(与垂向构造运动相反),而这一运动主宰着南非Namaqua活动带的元古宙构造演化。非洲在元古宙时期也肯定有板块构造作用在活动。在角闪岩相的Aggeneys地体(图1)中,主要构造为向南倒转的褶     

环大西洋显生宙造山带前中生代地体的增生史

环大西洋显生宙造山带前中生代地体的增生历史可以大致分成: (1)位于非洲北部、中欧或西欧、不列颠岛南部、阿帕拉契亚山脉东南及南美北部的地体,是在泛非-卡多姆造山作用期间,在晚元古代-寒武纪增生而成的。 (2)位于阿帕拉契亚山脉、格陵兰、Svalbard、斯堪的纳维亚(半岛),以及不列颠群岛的加里东造山带和中欧或西欧及非洲北部的华力西构造带的地体,主要是在早古生代形成的,在泥盆-石炭纪(主要是华力西构造带)也有几次增生事件。 (3)位于阿尔卑斯及安第斯山造山带的地体,许多仍然保留晚古生代叠覆层序的     

水文科学——社会的需要(节选)

水文科学家由于他们取得的成就满足了社会的需要而感到自豪。在二十世纪八十年代,由于资料收集的增加,电子计算机模拟法和分析技术的开发,提供了很多工具,足以解答很多实际问题。就是说: 1.频率分析技术取得良好的进展,可以应用于江河、湖泊、水利工程的规划设计作水文分析计算。虽然对于如何选择正确的分布函数以及如何去拟合的问     

日本气象业务计算机系统

一、引言日本气象业务计算机系统(COSME/S)已于1988年2月在日本气象厅总部投入业务,它是一个收集、分析气象资料,制作各种预报,发送各种输出产品的完整的计算机系统。共包括两个主要的子系统:用于气象通信的     

DIAGNOSTIC STUDY FOR INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION OF THE MIDDLE-HIGH LATITUDES IN A LOW RESOLUTION GLOBAL SPECTRAL MODEL

In this paper, five-year simulated data from a low-resolution global spectral model with triangular trunca-lion at wavenumber 10 are analyzed in order to study dynamical features and propagation characteristics ofintraseasonal oxillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropical atmosphere. The simulations show that thereis the 30-50 day periodic oscillation in the low-resolution spectral model without non-seasonal external forcing,and spatial scale of the intraseasonal oscihations is of the globe .Further analysis finds that propagation charac-ters of intraseasonal oscillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropics are different. The 30-50 day oscillationover the tropics exhibits structure of the velocity potential wave with wavenumber 1 in the latitudinal and thecharacter of the traveling wave eastward at speed of 8 longitudes/day. However, the 30-50 day oscillationsin mid-latitude atmosphere exhibit phase and amplitude oscillation of the standing planetary waves and theyare related to transform of teleconnection patterns over the mid-latitudes. The energy is not only transferredbetween the tropics and the middle-high latitudes, but also between different regions over the tropics. Based on the analysis of 5-year band pass filtered data from a 5-layer global spectral model of Jow-ordetwith truncated wavenumber l0,investigation is done of the source of intraseasonal oscillations in the extratropicalmodel atmosphere and its mechanism. Results show that (1) the convective heat transferred eastward alongthe equator serves as the source of the intraseasonal oxillation both in the tropical and the extratropical atmos--phere; (2) the velocity-potential wave of a zonal structure of wavenumber 1 gives rise to oxillation in divergentand convergent wind fields of a dipole-form as seen from the equatorial Indian Ocean to the western Pacificduring its eastward propagation, thus indicating the oscillation in the dipole-form heat soure:e/sink pattertl; (3)the tropical heat-source oscillation is responsible for the variation in phase and intensity of the extratropicalstationary wave train, and the interaction between the oscillating low-frequency inertial gravity and stationaryRossby modes that are probably mechanisms for the oscillations ip the middle-high latitudes.     

Ozone during stratospheric warmings at Uccle

The day-to-day variations in ozone content at Uccle (51oN) during some stratospheric warming events are ex-amined. In particular, the attention is focused on the timing of commencement of ozone enhancement prior to peak day of warming and on the relationship in the ozone content between the upper and lower stratosphere. These two features are compared with the predictions of ozone transport models. There seems to be an agreement between mod-el predictions and observed features in some cases.     

STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING AN AIR MASS TRANSFORMATION MODEL IN TAIYUAN

An AMT-model,consisting of a trajectory model and a one-dimensional boundary layer model,is tested fortrajectories arriving in Taiyuan to study the possibility of using it in Taiyuan.The sensitivity of the model tothe different processes was studied.Some parameters of the model were modified for the purpose of forecast-ing in specific mountainous terrain and dry climate conditions.Results of examples which we have workedout for Taiyuan circumstances for the periods of July(summer)1985 and January(winter)1986,show that the12h runs of the AMT-model are able to reproduce(on historical data)the sounding of Taiyuan.The AMT-modelcontributes fruitfully to short-range weather forecasts(12—36h ahead)during periods of severe air pollution andwhen cold waves occur.     

全球气候异常准实时每周评价

1978年在美国国家气象局(NWS)国家气象中心(NMC)建立了气候分析中心(CAC),它是美国国家海洋大气局(NOAA)气候项目的一个部分.气候分析中心使命是开发和运用新技术来分析、诊断、预报全球短期(主要是每周、每月和每季的)气候振荡.气候分析中心的分析情报部(AIB)的主要工作任务是为广大的各种用户提供现时全球气候情报和产品(Finger等人,1985).该组织的其它主要职能(如预报和