“大陆”板块在运动

坚硬的地壳并不是“铁板一块”，位于地表以下70-100公里厚的岩石层也不象蛋壳那样完整。无论是在大洋底下或大陆底下的岩层，原来都是由一块块大板块构成的。在这些大板块之间不是大洋中脊的裂口，就是几千米深的海沟或者是巨大的断层。     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY—PART Ⅱ:COUPLING MODEL AND EXPERIMENT

A tropical cyclone-marine mixed layer model including air-sea interaction is established to conductnumerical experiment with the effects of SST on the cyclone's intensity,Evidence suggests that withair-sea interaction involved,SST rise causes a drop of central pressure of the storm and SST impact onthe intensity is weaker in the coupling case.Moreover,study is undertaken of the intensity variationof another tropical cyclone moving in the cyclone's cold-tail sector,with the results in good agreementwith the observational fact.     

电磁干扰对卫星定位ZJCORS台站的影响分析

电磁干扰对ZJCORS站接收机运行影响很大。讨论了导航卫星信号到地强度,站点电磁干扰及测试分析方法,并指出了接收机性能改进的途径。     

Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast

In this paper, the data of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), ERA5 reanalysis, sounding, wind profile radar, and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets (LLJs). Results show that: (1) The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages: the first stage (S1) from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage (S2) from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same day. During S1, the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet (BLJ), characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of mountains. In S2, the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity, strengthening the rainstorm. In combination with the effect of topography, a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area (on the terrain’s windward slope). From S1 to S2, the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously. (2) The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line (MCL) on the surface, and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental winds. Due to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB, convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy rainfall. In S2, the convergence along the MOB is enhanced, which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows, further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback mechanism. It results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall. (3) In terms of microphysics, the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in S2. The warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stages, but the convective intensity in S2 is significantly stronger than that in S1, featuring bigger drop sizes and lower concentrations. It is mainly due to the strengthening of LLJs, which makes small cloud droplets lift to melting levels, enhancing the ice phase process (riming process), producing large amounts of graupel particles and enhancing the melting and collision processes as they fall, resulting in the increase of liquid water content (LWC) and the formation of large raindrops near the surface.     

甘肃阳山金矿带安坝矿段地质特征

甘肃省阳山金矿带是我国目前已发现的规模比较大的金矿床之一。该矿带全长约25km,自西向东由泥山、葛条湾、安坝、高楼山、观音坝和张家山矿段等六个矿段组成,其中规模最大的两条矿脉305#和314#位于安坝矿段。在前人研究的基础上,重点分析了阳山金矿带安坝矿段第17号勘探线的7个钻孔剖面,观察了岩性、矿化和结构特征。综合研究表明,该勘探剖面总体为一褶皱构造,转折端处于剖面北侧。该区的强烈变形变质作用后形成了大量的破碎带,安坝矿段的主矿体就赋存在这些破碎带中。     

北斗/GPS抗差移动窗口定权位移探测

蠕变状态下Kalman定位精度通常与观测值方差有极大关系,BDS(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System)/GPS组合观测值方差易受观测值权比精确度的影响。为了提高位移探测精度、缩短初始坐标收敛时间及降低监测成本,本文采用时钟同步双天线BDS/GPS接收机,在构建单频单差组合定位模型基础上,分别对GPS和BDS观测值等价权进行抗差处理,利用引入时间相关遗忘因子的Helmert方差估计,精确确定GPS与BDS观测值权比,最后通过实时更新观测值方差,实现扩展Kalman滤波的逐历元定位。试验结果表明,针对短基线(1km),BDS/GPS抗差精密定权Kalman方法可显著缩短初始坐标收敛时间,位移探测精度可达到亚毫米级,位移收敛速率与移动窗口参数基本成反比关系,适用于具有蠕变特征形变体的监测。     

焦作煤田石炭-二叠纪泥质岩地球化学特征及古环境意义

泥质岩的地球化学特征蕴含了大量地质信息,在物源和沉积环境分析中的应用十分广泛。利用X射线荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对华北板块南缘焦作煤田石炭-二叠纪泥质岩样品进行常量元素、微量元素（包括稀土元素）进行分析,并据此讨论泥质岩的物源性质、物源区岩石风化作用强度及当时古环境特征。研究区泥质岩的高Al₂O₃/TiO₂值及低Cr/Zr和K₂O/Al₂O₃值特征,以及泥质岩Zr-TiO₂和Th/Co-La/Sc源岩判别图、Ni-Cr图和（Gd/Yb）_N-Eu/Eu*图等的判别分析结果,都揭示了研究区泥质岩物源主要为后太古宙长英质岩石;Al₂O₃-CaO*+Na₂O-K₂O（A-CN-K）图和较高的黏土矿物成分反映了泥质岩源区受到钾交代作用的影响,致使CIA（化学蚀变指数）值被低估;高CIW（化学风化指数）值和Al₂O₃-CaO*-Na₂O（A-C-N）判别图分析结果表明泥质岩物源区母岩在石炭-二叠纪经历了强烈的风化作用;Sr/Ba和B/Ga比值变化指示本溪组沉积时期到太原组沉积早期为海相为主的沉积环境,太原组沉积中期到山西组沉积早期为海陆过渡相为主的沉积环境,山西组沉积中期到上石盒子组沉积时期为陆相沉积环境。     

内蒙古二连盆地巴彦宝力格煤田下白垩统赛汉塔拉组层序—古地理与聚煤作用

二连盆地巴彦宝力格煤田蕴藏着丰富的煤炭和煤层气资源。利用钻孔和测井资料对赛汉塔拉组层序格架下的古地理演化特征和聚煤作用进行研究,识别出3种层序界面类型:区域不整合面、河道下切谷冲刷面和对应整合面,将赛汉塔拉组划分为2个三级层序,厚煤层主要发育于层序Ⅰ湖侵体系域早期和晚期。采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,恢复了层序格架下的古地理格局,古地理单元为冲积扇、扇三角洲平原和滨浅湖。有利聚煤环境为扇三角洲平原与滨浅湖过渡带、滨浅湖,具有合适的基底沉降速率并且受到较小的陆源碎屑影响。从层序Ⅰ到层序Ⅱ,煤层厚度减小,聚煤作用减弱;多层厚煤层的形成受基底沉降震荡性、周期性的影响,受可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率比值不断变化的控制。层序Ⅰ发育时期,研究区中部为下一步煤炭资源和煤层气勘探的有利区。     

贵州省乐平世层序–古地理及聚煤规律

利用露头剖面及钻孔资料对贵州省乐平统（上二叠统）含煤岩系层序-古地理及聚煤规律进行研究。根据海相标志层向陆地方向延伸范围所反映的海平面规律,将贵州省乐平统划分为3个三级复合层序（CSⅠ、CSⅡ、CSⅢ）和相应的低位、海侵及高位层序组,层序CSⅠ相当于龙潭组下段中下部,层序CSⅡ相当于龙潭组下段上部及龙潭组上段下部,层序CSⅢ相当于龙潭组上段上部及长兴组。通过分析地层厚度、石灰岩含量、砂泥比、煤层厚度等参数变化规律,恢复3个层序的岩相古地理。贵州省乐平世海侵方向均来自研究区东部,物源来自西部的康滇高地,贵州省地区乐平统自西向东发育有陆相冲积平原、过渡相三角洲及潮坪-潟湖、海相碳酸盐台地以及深水盆地等古地理单元,总体上贵州省乐平世经历了CSⅠ的海侵、CSⅡ的海退及CSⅢ的持续海侵过程,在贵州西部地区,各古地理单元总体上有CSⅠ向陆、CSⅡ向海、CSⅢ又持续向陆的迁移规律。聚煤作用以CSⅢ最强,CSⅡ次之,CSⅠ较差。聚煤中心分布在过渡相三角洲平原及潮坪古地理单元,且有随区域性的海侵海退而迁移。CSⅠ的聚煤中心主要分布在发耳和纳雍地区,CSⅡ的聚煤中心主要分布在黔西南普安—六盘水及织金一带,CSⅢ的聚煤中心主要分布在六盘水、盘县及织金地区。这些聚煤规律分析结果可为煤炭及煤层气资源的勘探开发提供理论支持。      

中国含煤岩系古地理及古环境演化研究进展

随着含煤岩系沉积学从最初的旋回层理论到沉积模式,再到现阶段层序地层学理论的发展,中国学者已经在含煤岩系沉积学研究领域取得了显著的成果。(1)层序地层格架下基于可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率之间平衡关系的厚煤层聚集模式受到重视,层序地层学提供了等时性地层单元,用于中国六大聚煤区等时性层序地层格架下岩相古地理的重建,为预测各聚煤期聚煤中心及富煤带的分布起到指导性作用。随着层序地层学理论的深入研究,煤相及沉积有机相的发育特征、研究方法以及划分方案也取得了新的进展。(2)近年来,煤系共伴生矿产已经成为当今煤地质学研究的热点问题之一,含煤盆地的煤层气、页岩气、天然气水合物、铀矿、三稀矿产、石墨等矿产资源具有重要的经济价值,部分共伴生矿产潜在的价值甚至超过煤炭本身。古地理作为研究煤系矿产资源的先决条件,与之联系密切,为这些矿产的研究和勘探提供极大的帮助。(3)煤作为泥炭地的产物和重要的沉积载体,其中蕴藏着丰富的"深时"古气候信息。以米兰科维奇旋回作为地层时间的"度量"工具,可以通过分析煤中碳的聚集速率,进而分析泥炭地的碳聚集速率、净初级生产力以及大气CO2的变化趋势;而随着对煤中惰质组成因的重新认识,蕴含在煤中的古野火信息越来越受到重视,基于煤中惰质组的含量对地质历史中古泥炭地野火事件以及大气氧含量的估算也成为古环境研究的新方向。中国聚煤模式及聚煤古地理今后的研究需进一步加强对不同构造背景下含煤盆地的层序地层模式、各聚煤期的聚煤古地理及聚煤规律、有益煤系共伴生矿产的古地理重建、含煤岩系"深时"古气候信息以及大数据驱动下的含煤岩系古地理定量化研究等方面的探索。