中国首颗降水测量卫星(风云三号G星)的探测能力概述与展望

2023年4月16日09时36分(北京时)中国首颗降水测量卫星—风云三号G星(FY-3G)成功发射,本文在介绍风云三号降水星技术特征的基础上,着重分析FY-3G降水探测能力及在暴雨监测中的应用前景。结果表明：卫星轨道高度407 km、倾角50°,装载了Ka/Ku双频降水测量雷达、微波和光学成像仪的FY-3G卫星,可对影响中国大部分地区的台风、暴雨、强对流等灾害性天气系统三维结构进行探测。FY-3G在设计层面上,降水探测能力与目前美国第二代全球降水测量计划(GPM)核心星(GPMCO)相当,在载荷类型、数量、通道设置等方面优于GPMCO卫星。FY-3G业务运行后将与风云三号上午、下午和黎明星等其他极轨气象卫星以及风云高轨静止卫星组成风云降水探测星座体系,提升风云卫星星座的降水总体探测能力,为气象防灾减灾提供更强的基础支撑。     

FY-3C微波成像仪海上大气可降水产品质量检验

中国自主研制的第二代极轨气象卫星的首颗业务星风云三号C星(FY-3C)于2013年9月23日发射升空。微波成像仪(MWRI)作为FY-3C上携带的重要微波载荷之一,能够实现对大气、海洋和陆地的全天时监测。其中,MWRI海上大气可降水量(TPW)产品在数值预报模式以及气候变化研究中具有很重要的应用价值,但是应用效果的好坏往往受产品精度的制约。使用长达4年的卫星观测资料,通过MWRI TPW业务产品和无线电探空及专用传感器微波成像仪(SSMIS) TPW业务产品的比较,对MWRI TPW产品(包括轨道产品、日产品和月产品)的质量进行检验。结果表明,轨道产品和地面实际观测的探空数据的平均相对误差在7%左右,均方根误差为2.6 mm;日产品和SSMIS日产品的均方根误差约为3 mm,和探空日产品的均方根误差小于2.1 mm;月产品和SSMIS月产品的均方根误差小于1.3mm。表明FY-3C MWRI TPW业务产品长期以来一直稳定运行且精度较高,具备实际应用潜力。     

MODELING AND QUANTITATIVE RETRIEVAL OF FINITE FIELD FOR THE TROPICAL SEA SURFACE WIND SPEED OF THE FY-3B MICROWAVE IMAGER

The purpose of this study is to select a suitable sea wind retrieval method for FY-3B(MWRI). Based on the traditional empirical model of retrieving sea surface wind speed, and in the case of small sample size of FY-3B satellite load regression analysis, this paper analyzes the channel differences between the FY-3B satellite microwave radiation imager(MWRI) and TMI onboard the TRMM. The paper also analyzes the influence of these differences on the channel in terms of receiving temperature, including channel frequency, sensitivity and scaling precision. Then, the limited range of new model coefficient regression analysis is determined(in which the channel range settings include the information and features of channel differences), the regression methods of the finite field are proposed, and the empirical model of wind speed retrieval applicable to MWRI is obtained, which achieves robust results. Compared to the TAO buoy data, the mean deviation of the new model is 0.4 m/s, and the standard deviation is 1.2 m/s. In addition,the schematic diagram of the tropical sea surface wind speed retrieval is provided.