柴达木盆地西部典型油田原油地球化学特征对比

利用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析技术,系统剖析了柴达木盆地西部南区尕斯库勒、油砂山油田(A区)与北区南翼山、油泉子油田(B区)原油的生物标志化合物组成和分布特征,探讨了A区和B区原油的成因差异及其地质影响因素.结果表明:A区部分浅层原油正构烷烃碳数分布不完整,具有异常高的姥鲛烷(Pr)与n-C17峰面积比值和植烷(Ph)与n-C18峰面积比值,说明A区浅层油藏保存条件较差,部分原油遭受了轻微生物降解;A区和B区原油中甾藿比均大于2.4,且甾烷C27R与甾烷C29R峰面积比值多大于1,指示这2个区域原油母质来源都以浮游藻类为主,但B区原油中甾烷C27R与甾烷C29R峰面积比值和补身烷系列相对含量普遍高于A区,表明B区原油浮游藻类和细菌生源贡献可能相对较高;所有原油都具有低姥植比、高伽马蜡烷含量的特点,且都检测出一定丰度的β-胡萝卜烷,说明生成原油的烃源岩形成于强还原咸水沉积环境,但A区原油中姥植比、伽马蜡烷指数以及 β-胡萝卜烷与C30藿烷峰面积比值明显高于B区,且升藿烷系列呈“翘尾巴”分布模式,而B区原油则没有这种现象,揭示生成A区原油的烃源岩沉积水体盐度更高、还原性更强;甾烷异构体比值(C2920S/(20S+ 20R)值和C29ββ/(ββ+αα)值)表明A区均为低熟原油,而B区多为成熟原油.结合柴达木盆地西部第三纪湖盆沉积和构造演化史,认为南区与北区烃源岩沉积相带的不同空间展布情况是造成A区与B区原油地球化学特征差异的根本原因.     

冰力学参数的超声波测试研究

利用非线性高能超声测试设备及超声波(纵波、横波)波速与物体力学参数的关系,对人造冰样进行了冰样力学参数(杨氏模量、泊松比、剪切模量、体积模量)随温度变化的研究。通过MATLAB进行所测数据曲线拟合,得到超声波波速在人造冰样中随温度的变化规律,进而由理论公式推导所测人造冰样力学参数随温度的变化规律。结果表明:冰样中超声波波速随温度降低而升高,冰样的杨氏模量、泊松比、剪切模量、体积模量也都随温度降低而升高。本研究有助于超声波检测法在冰样物理力学性质测量中的应用,为开展南极冰盖、海冰以及终年冻土等力学及流动特性研究提供理论模型和实验数据。     

中国北方森林群落现代花粉与植被和气候的关系

53 pollen traps and surface samples were collected in order to detect the characteristics of pollen assemblages and their relationships with vegetation and climate in 16 forest communities located in 10 mountains in northern China. The results show that 72% of the pollen taxa (80 taxa) are the same between the traps and the surface samples. The dominant taxa in the plant communities are consistent with the main pollen taxa in the pollen assemblages at the same sites. In Pinus plant communities, both Pinus pollen influx and concentration are higher, indicating the high pollen productivity and good pollen preservation ability of Pinus. In Picea and Abies plant communities, Picea and Abies have lower pollen influxes but higher concentrations, suggesting their low pollen productivities but better pollen preservation abilities. In Betula and Quercus plant communities, Betula and Quercus have higher pollen influxes but lower concentrations, revealing their high pollen productivities but poor pollen preservation abilities. The study of relationships between pollen and vegetation with discriminant analysis shows that pollen assemblages from both trap and surface samples can reflect the characteristics of different communities and distinguish different ecological areas, but surface samples can reflect the dominant components of communities much better than the traps. The study on correlations between pollen assemblages and climate with DCCA reveals that significant correlations exist between pollen assemblages and mean temperature of the coldest month (r = 0.84 for trap samples, r = 0.72 for surface samples), and then annual mean precipitation (r = 0.73 for trap samples, r = 0.71 for surface samples).     

大冶湖水体污染与其环境背景遥感研究

环境污染与环境背景有着紧密的联系,本研究是尝试利用遥感技术研究大冶湖的水体污染现状与环境背景,并分析两者的相关关系,时而提出了大冶湖水体污染综合防治对策。     

湖南宝峰仙花岗岩地球化学特征与锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

湘东南宝峰仙地区发育3个小规模花岗岩体,岩性均为黑云母二长花岗岩,与南岭产有大型-超大型钨锡多金属矿床的骑田岭和千里山岩体位于同一成矿带内,相距不远。文章通过对宝峰仙岩体进行锆石SHRIMP UPb测年,获得(细)中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩(早期)和细粒黑云母花岗岩(晚期)的形成年龄分别为(147.0±4.0)Ma(MSWD=1.6)和(141.3±3.3)Ma(MSWD=1.09),为燕山期构造岩浆活动的产物。这2种花岗岩具有高w(Si)(平均75.11%)、富w(K2O)(平均5.07%)、低w(Ti O2)、w(Mg O)、w(Ca O),10000×Ga/Al值(大于2.6)较高、δEu较小的特点,为铝质A型花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征。宝峰仙花岗岩的εNd(t)偏高,T2DM偏小,显示在花岗岩成岩过程中有幔源组分参与,与千里山和骑田岭相似。花岗岩石成矿元素W、Sn、Pb、Zn等含量偏高,且岩体与围岩接触带的岩石蚀变较强、钨锡矿化点广泛分布。综合分析宝峰仙地区花岗岩成岩年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其所处构造位置,认为该区具有较大的钨锡多金属找矿潜力。     

AutoCAD在隧洞地质展示图编制和空间分析中的应用

绘制隧洞地质展示图是施工过程中客观反映洞室围岩地质条件的有效方法,但由于其表示的信息较简单且采集不便,难以进行深入的空间地质信息分析。应用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ内嵌语言ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ,编制和于切制横剖面和高程平切面图的程序,供ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ调用。在洞群区,分别在各洞室切制统一的横剖面图和其一高程的平切面图,构成洞群区三维空间地质信息系统的模型,为进一步的空间分析提供依据。     

松辽盆地南缘基性岩脉中捕获锆石U-Pb年龄及其对基底岩浆事件的制约

团山子基性脉岩为松辽盆地南缘晚中生代最后一期岩浆活动,在其中获得了较多的捕获锆石。为了反映松辽盆地基底岩浆活动事件,对基性脉岩中捕获锆石进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。捕获锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和Th/U比值显示具有岩浆成因的特点。从锆石定年结果得到8组年龄,反映出早侏罗世晚期(176Ma)、海西期(291Ma)、加里东期(467Ma)、新元古代(942Ma)、中元古代(1368Ma)、古元古代(1886Ma和2165Ma)、新太古代(2458Ma)岩浆事件记录。松辽盆地南部基底组成以古生代和早中生代岩浆岩为主,并可能存在西保安群前寒武纪结晶基底(942Ma),并经历了复杂的岩浆演化。中元古代、古元古代、新太古代年龄的锆石具有磨圆和反应边,可能为与华北克拉通岩浆事件形成的锆石被搬运到松辽盆地南部,并被再次捕获的结果,反映松辽盆地南部与华北大陆具有一定的联系,但不确定存在该期的结晶基底。     

造价工程师对建设工程全过程造价的动态控制与管理

从工程造价管理的动态控制原理出发,分析了动态控制的原则,论述了造价工程师在建设工程各阶段的工作重点和注意事项,对实践工作具有较强的现实指导意义。     

Spectral features of geomagnetic low point displacement and its mechanism

In this paper,Changli station in Hebei Province was taken as an example,in which the minute data of geomagnetic Z component was used to analyze the spectral values of its main frequencies during normal time,geomagnetic storm time and low point displacement time interval respectively. After fitting of ten high spectral values to loga-rithmic functions,it is found that,by using same length of data,the spectral values at geomagnetic storm time in-crease apparently compared with those at normal time,especially at the high frequency segment. While low point displacement occurred,the spectral values at high frequency are approximate to those at normal time,but at period above 4 hours they are mostly lower than those at normal time. Comparison of accumulating of some FFT results at low point displacement and normal time shows that,spectral values at periods of 8.5 and 13.7 hours increase at low point displacement time relative to those at normal time. Compared with the images of Ne observed at DE-METER satellite,it is illustrated that the occurrence of geomagnetic low point displacement is well corresponding with the increase of Ne in ionosphere. Finally it was discussed about those spectral features and the occurrence mechanism of geomagnetic low point displacement.