“地理信息产业园”对河南省开放式测绘事业发展的启示

2003年7月8日，黑龙江省人民政府根据国家和省信息产业政策，批复了黑龙江省测绘局《关于建立黑龙江地理信息产业园区的请示》，国内首家以地理信息产业为经济主体的高新科技产业园区宣告在冰城试航。此条看起来普通的信息在笔看来，应当引起各级特别是省级测绘行政主管部门决策们的高度关注，原因何在?笔认为此事有以下几点启示。     

斑岩型铜矿床高-中温蚀变过程实验研究及其地质意义

作为金属Cu最重要来源的斑岩铜矿一般发育有典型的蚀变和矿化分带,该分带模式在空间上常呈同心圈层结构.对不同蚀变带元素变化规律和迁移机制进行深入研究,将有利于增进对整个斑岩体系演化过程的认识.本研究采用流动体系水-岩反应装置来模拟斑岩铜矿形成过程中含矿热液与围岩的相互作用,研究元素迁移机制和蚀变分带形成的控制因素.实验结果显示与较低温度相比, 450℃实验产物中元素含量变化更加显著,这表明温度可能是影响水-岩体系内元素再分配的重要因素.温度是造成围岩钾硅酸盐化蚀变和Ca淋滤、活化的关键因素,而且高温下发生同等钠化蚀变需要更高的Na^+浓度.温度也是控制体系中Ti、Sr、Pb置换进入硅酸盐矿物的重要因素.从实验产物推断,在斑岩成矿系统中,中-基性火山围岩由中心向外围K、Ti含量应呈降低趋势,而Ca、Zn和Mn含量增加, Na和Si在靠近高温蚀变带外围可能存在含量峰值或过渡区.本研究为斑岩铜矿系统钾化带的产生、钠化普遍缺失、硬石膏共生等重要地质现象的形成机理提供了实验和理论证据.     

互联网地图网站的创建与服务探索

着重介绍了河南地图网的研发历程和功能实践,以及网站建成后的社会成效和发展前景,从而诠释了互联网地图网站的探索实践和创建历程。     

基于空间梯度信息的质量控制方法在红外高光谱AIRS资料同化中的应用研究

本文利用中尺度非静力WRF(Weather Research Forecast, Version 3.4)模式, 针对1013号“鲇鱼”台风个例, 通过对红外高光谱AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)资料经过基于空间梯度信息的质量控制之后同化进入模式, 来评估新的质量控制方法对同化效果的影响以及对台风数值模拟的改善情况。研究结果发现, 如果仅仅基于WRFDA(WRF Data Assimilation system, Version 3.4)模式自带的质量控制系统, 将会有部分梯度距平值明显较大超过阈值的资料被同化进入模式, 而这些可能受到“污染”且误差较大的资料同化进入模式必将会导致同化结果有较大误差, 影响分析结果的质量。而对AIRS资料经过基于空间梯度信息质量控制之后再同化进入模式, 确实可将梯度距平值大于阈值的“坏点”剔除掉, 从而使初始场的描述更加准确, 台风路径的模拟精度在一定程度上得到提高。综上可知, 基于空间梯度信息的质量控制方法整体上对改善同化效果有较好的正效应, 对台风的数值模拟也起到一定的促进作用。     

基于统计岩体力学的围岩分级调整以关山隧道为例

在浅埋工程开挖的围岩分级实践中,相关规范实用性很高,预测准确。然而,在大埋深高地应力条件下进行含节理岩体的隧道开挖时,围岩物理力学参数和结构会发生强烈的改变,不但围岩质量劣化,而且各向异性显著。在开挖引起的应力场剧烈变化下,围岩中新的裂隙会产生,在高地应力下闭合的结构面会重新张开并迅速发展,影响了岩体质量和稳定性,开挖前的围岩分级结果不再适用。因此,为了客观量化描述开挖后围岩质量的劣化,统计岩体力学理论充分考虑了开挖揭露的岩体结构面各项参数,并将结构面影响下的岩体各向异性特征纳入围岩分级评估之中进行围岩分级调整。为了进一步说明,本文结合大埋深高地应力下的关山隧道开挖工程,根据现场结构面的统计结果,运用统计岩体力学理论分析开挖后隧道围岩显著的各向异性,并最终给出符合开挖后现场围岩劣化情况的围岩分级调整建议。     

麻痹性贝毒毒素的应用研究进展

由于有害赤潮的发生日趋频繁，对养殖业、自然生态系统和人类健康的危害越来越大，造成的经济损失也逐渐增加，因而有害赤潮问题成为人们关注的焦点。藻毒素是有害赤潮致害的重要因子之一，而麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning，PSP)毒素又是藻毒素中分布最广、危害最大的一类毒素。随着科学家们对PSP毒素的来源(Steidinger，1993)、结构和作用方式(Penzotti et al.,1998)的深入研究，PSP毒素在赤潮研究、分子生物学和神经生物学基础研究、医药、军事防化等的应用也逐渐受到重视。本文作者针对这些问题进行了综合评述，以期为深入开展PSP毒素应用研究提供参考依据。     

北黄海海域虾夷扇贝体内脂溶性藻毒素分析

海洋中有毒藻类产生的藻毒素能够经由食物链在滤食性贝类体内累积,危及人类健康。高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)可以对多类脂溶性藻毒素进行同步分析,是贝类中脂溶性藻毒素检测的首选方法。本文应用液-质联用方法,对北黄海虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)中的脂溶性毒素进行了分析。虾夷扇贝样品于2011年采自北黄海海域,并解剖为闭壳肌、外套膜、内脏团和性腺四部分。在虾夷扇贝中共检测到大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)、鳍藻毒素-1(Dinophysis toxin 1,DTX1)、扇贝毒素-2(Pectenotoxin 2,PTX2)和虾夷扇贝毒素(Yessotoxin,YTX)四种脂溶性毒素成分。在扇贝各组织中,内脏团毒素含量最高(OA:1.97—2.99μg/kg;DTX1:4.97—77.29μg/kg;PTX2:1.12—50.08μg/kg;YTX:825—6680μg/kg),其次是性腺和外套膜,闭壳肌中毒素含量最低。各组织之间的毒素组成情况没有明显差异,均以YTX含量最高,占脂溶性藻毒素总含量的90%以上。除YTX外,扇贝体内还存在一定量的OA、DTX1和PTX2毒素,虾夷扇贝中检出PTX2在我国系首次报道。北黄海海水样品中存在较高密度的渐尖鳍藻(Dinophysis acuminata)和倒卵形鳍藻(D.fortii),可能是虾夷扇贝体内OA,DTX1和PTX2的潜在来源。为防范虾夷扇贝中藻毒素造成危害,应进一步强化对北黄海海域贝类中藻毒素及海水中有毒藻类的监测。     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea isolated from the East Asian waters

Previous studies found intraspecific diversity in Scrippsiella trochoidea A. R. Loeblich III, a widely distributed calcareous cyst-producing dinoflagellate. In this study, three strains (ST-1, ST-D6 and ST-K) of S. trochoidea isolated from the East Asian waters were studied, together with other geographical strains, to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. For the three East Asian isolates, two highly diverse regions of nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the 5.8S rDNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, and the 5' portion of the large-subunit rDNA (encompassing the "D1" and "D2" domains) were sequenced. Homologous sequences from other geographical isolates were selected from the GenBank database and the phylogenetic relationships were inferred from the molecular data of these strains. Strains of S. trochoidea were found to cluster into three major clades (STR1, STR2 and STR3), as reported in previous studies. Two of the three strains ST-1 and ST-K, were grouped in clade STR2, the other strain, ST-D6, belonged to clade STR3. The intraspecific diversity of S. trochoidea in East Asian waters makes it necessary to carry out phylogenetic investigations in combination with data of biogeography, population dynamics, and life cycle on the ecophysiology of a region.     

温度对褐牙鲆资源补充特征的生态效应

根据１９８０－１９９５年让湾和渤海不记学调查资料,采用自然生态学与实验生态学相结合的方法,综合分析温度对褐牙鲆补充阶段生活史特征及其资源补充过程的影响。结果表明,随地理纬度的增加,褐牙鲆产卵期滞后,生殖季节缩短,在水温从９．６２℃增至１９．８９℃的过程中褐芽鲆的性腺 育指数（ＧＳＩ）出现单一峰值,７月至翌年３月间此值均小于１．０;在实验水温范围（７－２７℃）内,受精卵孵化时数（ｔ）随水温（Ｔ）变化     

Application of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae

The toxicity of seven major HAB (harmful algal bloom) species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense (AT-6, non-PSP producer), Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense (ATHK) and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6), or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense (ATHK) has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LC₅₀ at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6) and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense (ATHK) or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-208), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40821004, U0733006) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2001CB409700)