中国市域间日常人口流动特征及影响因素

基于腾讯位置大数据,分析了2015—2018年中国368个城市间人口流动的空间格局,并基于指数随机图模型（ERGM）识别了与人口流入、流出相关的影响因素。研究发现：① 人口流动的空间分布格局相对稳定,形成了以京、深、沪、穗、蓉、莞为“中枢”的菱形空间结构。② 通过社区划分得到的城市子群结构表明,社区间呈现明显的地理临近和省际分异特征,既形成了以省会城市为核心、受省界制约明显的中心–腹地结构的小型城市子群,也形成了跨越省界的多中心结构的大型城市子群,但大部分城市以省界为主要流动圈层,省域内人口流动更为密切。③ ERGM模型确定的人口流入、流出网络影响因素与新古典经济学理论相一致,人口规模、城市化水平、时间成本、经济成本等市场因素和经济因素在人口流动中仍然具有主导性作用。④ 城市对外来人口的吸引力更大程度上取决于自身的属性特征,而城市人口外流更依赖于外部网络关联要素,一定程度上验证了推拉理论中城市“拉力”的主导力量,以及各类距离因素的综合作用。     

旧石器时代至商周时期贵州遗址空间分布及其自然环境背景(英文)

This study presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of 230 archaeological sites in Guizhou Province, Southwest China for three selected time periods from the Paleolithic Age to the Shang-Zhou Dynasties. The relationship between archaeological sites distribution and environmental changes is also discussed based on paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C recorded in stalagmites from Southwest China. The results show that: in the Paleolithic Age(260–10 ka BP), archaeological sites were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts of Guizhou, where the high-altitudinal karst landforms with many natural caves suitable for human habitation are developed. In the Neolithic Age(10–3.6 ka BP), most of human settlements were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts, while, a fewer sites were found on river terraces in the southern and eastern parts, and the intermontane basins in the central and western Guizhou. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasties(3.6–2.2 ka BP), the sites were mainly distributed in the intermontane basins and on river terraces, which were suitable for primitive aerial farming. The analysis of paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C since 260 ka BP suggested that climate fluctuations had little impact on human settlements in this study area. The distinct physical environment, especially the spatial patterns of karst landforms and arable land played an important role in the archaeological sites distribution of Guizhou.     

全新世浙江地区气候变化对史前文化的影响(英文)

The temporal-spatial distribution features of prehistoric cultures since the Holocene in Zhejiang region were comparatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis. Results show that the prehistoric cultures expanded gradually in this region before 4000 cal. a BP. The notable expansions occurred twice, one in the Majiabang-Hemudu cultural period, the other in the Liangzhu cultural period. Meanwhile, the prehistoric cultures were disseminated from west to east coast along river valleys. After 4000 cal. a BP, as represented by the Maqiao Culture, the distributed area of each prehistoric culture contracted. This is obviously due to the termination of spreading trends to east coast, which was simultaneously accompanied by two different modes of production and economic transitions in the north and south Zhejiang region respectively. The distribution of prehistoric cultures was closely related with Holocene sea-level fluctuations, especially on the banks of Hangzhou Bay, where the distribution changes of prehistoric cultural sites were greatly affected by sea-level changes, with the closest relationships between them. After 7000 cal. a BP, the process of lowered sea-level and regression-epeirogenesis provided wider terrestrial living spaces for prehistoric inhabitants. Based on the comparative analyses of the changes of prehistoric cultures and the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qianmutian subalpine peat of Mt. Tianmu and muddy area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea, it is indicated that the changes of prehistoric cultures were synchronized with environmental changes in Zhejiang region. Before 4000 cal. a BP, the eastward expansion of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the background of the Holocene Optimum, and was the expansion and extension under the joint influences of agricultural civilization and maritime civilization. However, after 4000 cal. a BP, the geographical contraction of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the back-ground of dry-cold climate trend and deterioration of coastal marine environment. It is evidenced from the above fact that the development, expansion and contraction of prehistoric cultures are positively correlated to environmental change. The change of the climatic environment is just the underlying reason for these changes and transitions of production modes and economic forms. Therefore, the climatic environment is the dominant factor of prehistoric culture vicissitudes in Zhejiang region, which has exerted great influence on distribution, dissemination, expansion and transmutation of the culture.     

闻喜县隆昌洼铁矿地质特征

通过对隆昌洼铁矿的成矿地质背景、矿体特征等的综合分析及研究,认为铁矿体主要位于黑云斜长角闪岩与二长花岗片麻岩的内接触带中,矿床成因类型为岩浆分异型铁矿床,工业类型为需进行选矿的铁矿石。对铁矿成因及围岩蚀变等找矿标志的研究,为该区找寻同类型铁矿具有重要指导意义。     

油气耗散作用及其成岩成矿效应: 进展、认识与展望

油气生成后发生运移,在途经的围岩环境中发生流—岩相互作用而损耗,以及分散于地下或暴露地表而损失,这一过程即为油气耗散。油气耗散主要特点为流—岩地质作用,在这一过程中将产生系列成岩蚀变,如氧化砂岩的绿色化、白色化,以及局部碳酸盐化等;导致一些成矿效应,如铀矿化、高岭土化等。从而在沉积盆地中构成有机与无机、金属与非金属矿产同存共荣于一盆,此即为沉积盆地成藏(矿)系统。因而油气耗散作用内容属于交叉学科方向,目前仅在鄂尔多斯盆地得到初步研究。在油气耗散成岩及成矿作用过程中,部分微量元素、有机地球化学参数、以及碳、氢、氧、硫、硅等稳定同位素可表现出一定的标志性特征。这在目前"油气—铀溶液—砂岩"相互作用模拟实验中也已得到初步的证实。当前,沉积盆地中油气耗散方向与规模、成岩与成矿效应的地球化学作用机理、有机—无机(如烃源岩—铀等无机元素)作用效应及对相关资源评价的影响、多种能源综合协同预测与勘探等方面是未来油气耗散作用学科领域的主要发展方向。     

高密度3D3C资料多域分步噪声压制技术的应用

针对高密度宽方位3D3C地震资料处理要求,考虑有效信号与噪声在类型、时间、频率、数据域、处理步骤、地表区域等方面存在的差异,选择多域分步去噪策略,在不损害有效信号的前提下,首先使用十字排列锥形滤波去除面波、线性噪声,然后采用低频噪声编辑去除残余面波及低频噪声,接着进行分频去噪来去除各类随机噪声,最后去除折射波。从单炮记录和叠加剖面的监控显示上都证明了该方法的有效性,资料信噪比也得到提高。     

基于数据包络分析的统计预测模型有效性评价

统计预测模型是进行中长期水文预报的主要手段之一,在统计预测模型建模过程中面临的一个重要问题是如何从诸多待选模型中挑选出一个预测投入较低、预测精度较高的模型。针对这一多属性综合评价问题,提出了利用数据包络分析中的CCR模型进行水文统计预测模型综合评价的方法。模型的输入指标包括预测因子指标和模型参数指标,输出指标为模型精度评价指标,评价结果为模型的相对效率。作为典型案例,对参考作物腾发量预测的20个径向基函数网络模型的有效性进行了评价,结果表明该评价方法是可行的。模型中预测旬参考作物腾发量的关键因子是最高、最低温度,其次是风速,再次是日照时数;将预测时段所属的旬序号作为网络输入可显著提高模型预测精度和相对效率。     

北京城市热岛环境时空变化规律研究

借助北京地区1997年、2004年的Landsat TM热红外图像,在RS和GIS技术的支持下,利用大 气探空数据对图像进行大气校正,采用单窗算法反演得到北京市区和周围地区的地表温度分 布图,地面验证表明单窗算法反演地表温度具有较高的精度.研究发现,北京市存在明显的 城市热岛效应;不同下垫面所对应的地表温度有明显差异,总体上城区地面温度明显高于郊 区,水体温度最低;随着城市规模的扩张,北京市的城市热岛效应有逐年增强的趋势,且人为因素对城市热岛的贡献逐渐加大.