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Shrimps( Litopenaeus vannamei) were intensively cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system for 98 days to investigate effects of 0.3 mg/L Cu on its performance, Cu budget, and Cu distribution. Shrimps in Cu-treated systems had greater mean final weight(11.10 vs 10.50 g), body length(107.23 vs 106.42 mm), survival rate(67.80% vs 66.40%), and yield(6.42 vs 5.99 kg/m 3), and lower feed conversion ratio(1.20 vs 1.29) than those in control systems but the differences were not significant. Vibrio numbers remained stable(10 4 –10 6 colony forming units/mL) in the rearing tanks of both control and treated systems. Total ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, pH, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were similar in controls and treatments. Dissolved Cu concentration in the treated systems decreased from 0.284 to 0.089 mg/L while in the control systems it increased from 0.006 2 to 0.018 mg/L. The main sources of Cu in the treated systems were the artificially added component(75.7% of total input), shrimp feed(21.0%), water(2.06%), and shrimp biomass(1.22%). The major outputs of Cu occurred via the mechanical filter(41.7%), water renewal(15.6%), and draining of the sediment trap(15.1%). The foam fractionator removed only 0.69% of total Cu input. Harvested shrimp biomass accounted for 11.68% of Cu input. The Cu concentration of shrimps in the Cu-treated systems(30.70 mg/kg wet weight) was significantly higher than that in control systems(22.02 mg/kg). Both were below the maximum permissible concentration(50 mg/kg) for Cu in seafood for human consumption in China. Therefore, recirculating systems can be used for commercial on-growing of Litopenaeus vannamei without loss of shrimp quality, even in water polluted by 0.30 mg/L Cu. The mechanical filter is the main route for Cu removal. 相似文献
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Fatty acids (FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms. Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months. We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A. japonicus using multivariate analyses (PERMANOVA, MDS, ANOSIM, and SIMPER). The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly. The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and non- aestivated sea cucumbers. Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation, and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation, are digested during deep aestivation. Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future. 相似文献
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An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a (Chl a), total organic matter (TOM), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses (ANOSIM) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities. 相似文献
96.
为检测方目网囊对蓝圆Shen和多齿蛇鲻的选择作用,2000年11-12月在南海北部海域试验了4种目大的方目网囊。结果表明,方形网目网囊有利于释放纺缍形(如蓝圆Shen),圆形或近圆形(如多齿蛇鲻)两种形体鱼类的小,幼鱼,且对后者的释放效果更好。当网囊目大分别为45,50mm时,蓝圆Shen的50%选择体长(L0.5)分别为121.22,128.77mm;当网囊目大分别为40,45,50mm时,多齿蛇鲻的L0.5分别为124.12,126.75,139.32mm。通过不同目大网囊对蓝圆Shen,多齿蛇鲻选择性比较分析,发现50mm目大方目网囊的选择效果效果优于40,45mm目大的网囊,因此,在南海区拖网渔业中采用50mm目大的方目网囊是必要的,同时建议将150mm作为蓝圆Shen,多齿蛇鲻的最小可捕叉长标准。 相似文献
97.
收集2 291个来源于NIED F-net宽频带地震台网中心Mw≥3.0地震的震源机制解,采用MSATSI构造应力反演方法,得到反映应力相对大小的R值的量θ和3个主应力轴的方位角与倾伏角,同时反演出每个网格的极射赤平投影P、T轴.以3D应力反演为导向,采用矩阵网格分区的方法,以纬度、经度、深度为坐标,将发生在每一区域的... 相似文献
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化探与遥感信息在青海两兰地区找矿预测中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在青海都兰——乌兰地区应用化探与遥感信息进行综合找矿预测,主要是运用迭代法、聚类分析和主因子分析等方法来确定地球化学背景值和快速提取化探异常信息,采用主成分分析、掩膜和图像彩色分割等方法直接从TM遥感图像中提取与金属矿化有关的蚀变信息。在对区域成矿地质条件的综合研究基础上,通过对化探和遥感异常信息与成矿的相关分析,圈定找矿靶区,取得了一定的实际应用效果。 相似文献
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