边缘系数建筑物雷达点云数据简化方法

针对基于LiDAR点云数据进行建筑物自动重建中存在的数据冗余问题,该文设计了一种定量描述激光点位于地物边缘区几率大小的指标——边缘系数,并据此提出了基于边缘系数的建筑物LiDAR点云数据简化方法。该方法利用激光点与其邻域点的位置、数量及分布计算该点的边缘系数,通过试验分析确定边缘系数的阈值并对点云数据进行分割,最后保留建筑物边缘区域的点,实现点云数据的简化。实验表明,该方法在对点云数据进行高效压缩的同时有效保留了位于地物边缘处的点云,有助于提高海量点云数据处理能力和建筑物重建效率。     

基于距离图像的分块曲面LiDAR点云滤波方法

机载激光雷达点云滤波是获取高精度数字高程模型的关键,也是国内外研究的热点.这里采用区块索引机制对激光雷达点云进行分块曲面滤波;利用距离图像的像素位置信息指导分块数的确定.试验结果表明,该方法可有效滤除非地面点,从而保留地面部分点云,具有一定实用价值.     

甲壳质/壳聚糖硫酸酯研究进展

人们希望能够找到或合成能够代替肝素的物质,以解决肝素资源有限问题,在众多的衍生物当中,甲壳质、壳聚糖磺化修饰成为最诱人的领域,由于壳聚糖具有独特的分子结构,比其他多糖更适合于制备肝素类物质,因此科学家对甲壳质、壳聚糖选择性磺化,对它们的构效关系,生物活性与应用开发进行了大量研究,以期在海洋药物领域获得突破。１甲壳质／壳聚糖硫酸酯的理化性质甲壳质是一种天然高分子多糖,存在于各种节肢动物（虾、蟹、昆虫等）的甲壳中,在褐煤中曾找到约２５０×１０４ａ前各种甲虫翅膀的残余,可见甲壳质对细菌作用十分稳定。这…     

为我国海洋测绘事业和海军建设再立新功——祝贺《海洋测绘》创刊30周年

《海洋测绘》编辑部:值此《海洋测绘》创刊30周年之际,我谨代表海司航保部机关和全体官兵表示热烈的祝贺!躬耕三十载,真知播四海;30辛勤耕耘,30年春华秋实。《海洋测绘》自1981年创刊以来,能牢牢把握正确的政治方向和办刊宗旨,严把学术质量关,及时报道我国海洋测绘专业的新理论、新技术、新方法、新经验和新设备等信息,成为展示我国海洋测绘事     

海蜇中常量和微量元素的同时测定

海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye),钵水母纲,根口水母,广泛分布于我国的沿海近岸,是我国传统渔业生产的主要大型经济水母[1].海蜇的营养十分丰富,除含有蛋白质、脂肪酸和维生素外,还含有大量的矿物质[2].海蜇的药用价值在我国早有记录[3],在韩国海蜇被作为减肥和美容的食品,而澳大利亚的土族人则用干海蜇粉治疗烫伤[4].近代研究表明海蜇有治疗高血压、慢性气管炎、哮喘、胃溃疡和单纯性甲状腺肿大的作用[5].美国Auburn大学的研究小组报道:Stomolophus meleagris水母的胶原质对实验鼠抗原引起的关节炎有一定的抑制作用[6].     

制备羟基磷灰石的贝壳种类优选及方法比较

本研究以CaO、煅烧后的牡蛎壳、蛤蜊壳、扇贝壳和脉红螺壳为原料, 分别采用反相微乳液法和聚乙二醇(PEG)辅助微波加热法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA), 并从产物的物理化学特性以及形态学参数方面进行比较。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射对各组产物进行了化学表征, 扫描电子显微镜观察样品的表面形貌, Zeta电位仪测定样品表面的电势差。结果表明, 反相微乳液法制备的HA尺寸在(104.10±1.95) nm至(207.90±3.75) nm范围内, 为近球形颗粒; 而PEG辅助微波加热法制备得到的HA尺寸在(61.17±3.11) nm与(182.70±1.05) nm范围内, 倾向于形成椭圆及棒状的颗粒, 稳定性更高, 且各组样品均表现出完全的亲水性。此外, 对比于CaO制备的HA, 以贝壳为原料制备的HA具有更好的纳米结构, 其中利用脉红螺壳制备的HA在粒径大小、稳定性以及亲水性等方面均具有优势, 并且具有更接近天然骨的钙磷比。因此脉红螺壳可以作为PEG辅助微波加热法制备羟基磷灰石的主要原料。     

两种方法制备壳寡糖平均分子质量与氨基含量分析

采用氧化降解和酶降解两种方法制备壳寡糖.并对降解产物的氨基质量分数变化,平均分子质量进行了分析和测定.结果表明,氧化降解法降解速率快,降解产物的平均分子质量都低于2 ku,但降解产物的氨基质量分数均有部分损失;酶法降解产物的氨基含量基本没有损失,但酶法降解的时间较长,得到的产物平均分子质量较高.分别采用木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶时壳聚糖进行降解,经过24 h降解,平均分子质量从630 ku分别降至43 ku和25 ku左右,表明纤维素酶的水解能力强于木瓜蛋白酶.     

The preparation and antioxidant activity of glucosamine sulfate

Glucosamine sulfate was prepared from glucosamine hydrochloride that was produced by acidic hydrolysis of chitin by ion-exchange method. Optical rotation and elemental analysis characterized the degree of its purity. In addition, the antioxidant potency of chitosan derivative-glucosamine sulfate was investigated in various established in vitro systems, such as superoxide (O-2)/hydroxyl (·OH) radicals scavenging, reducing power, iron ion chelating. The following results are obtained: first, glucosamine sulfa...     

Preparation of low molecular weight Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide and its anticoagulant activity

Heparin has been used as an anticoagulant drug for many years, but it has significant side ef fects. In the search for good substitutes, low molecular weight(MW) polysaccharides from S argassum fusiforme have been examined and confi rmed to possess biological activities. Here, S. fusiforme polysaccharides(SFP) were extracted and subjected to a hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) oxidation method for the preparation of low-MW SFP(LSFP). The effects of temperature, pH, and H_2O_2 concentration on the degradation process were also examined. Several LSFP of 36, 9, 5.7, and 2.7 kDa were obtained under different conditions, and their anticoagulant activities studied in vitro. The results showed that SFP and LSFP prolonged activated partial thromboplastin(APTT), prothrombin(PT) and thrombin times(TT) significantly, indicating that these low MW polysaccharides possessed anticoagulant activity in the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common coagulation pathways. As these ef fects were related to the MW of the polysaccharides in APTT and TT but not in PT, the contents of the monosaccharide fucose and sulfate and the polysaccharide MW could have exerted combined ef fects. The details of this mechanism require further verifi cation.     

In vitro prebiotic effects of seaweed polysaccharides

Although prebiotic activities of alginate and agar oligosaccharides isolated from seaweeds have been reported, it remains unknown whether seaweed polysaccharides have prebiotic activity. In this study, we isolated polysaccharides from four species of seaweeds, such as Grateloupia fi licina(GFP), Eucheuma spinosum(ESP), Ulva pertusa(UPP), and A scophyllum nodosum(ANP), and characterized their structures and prebiotic ef fects in vitro. The results showed that these polysaccharides were dif ferent in total sugar and sulfate contents as well as monosaccharide composition. GFP and ESP significantly promoted bifi dobacterium proliferation and 0.1% ESP and 0.4% GFP resulted in the highest proliferation rates of beneficial bacteria, whereas UPP and ANP inhibited the growth of beneficial bacteria at all tested concentrations(0.1%–0.5%). The different behaviors of the four seaweed-originated polysaccharides might be refl ected by differences in monosaccharide composition and structure. Therefore, polysaccharides isolated from GFP and ESP could be utilized as prebiotics. However, more studies must be carried out in vivo.