THE "CLIMATE TRANSITION" OF THE LONG TERM VARIATION OF OCEAN CONDITION IN THE NORTHERN PACIFIC AND RESPONSE OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION IN RECENT 50 YEARS

In this paper, the analysis of net volume of the Kuroshio in PN section of the East China Sea, the calculations of volume transports of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) and the upper layer heat content (0～150 m) in 137°E section during 1967-1992,and the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the northern Pacific are illustrated. Meanwhile,the long term variation of subtropical high in northern hemisphere and in the western Pacific, and atmosphere oscillation are also analyzed. By using Mann-Kendall method, the verification shows that the ocean condition and atmospheric circulation system mentioned above all presented "climate transition"during the mid-and late-Stage of 1970's, that is, the volume transports of the Kuroshio, the NEC and the NECC varied from weak to strong; the SSTA changed from the type of La Nina to that of E1 Nino,which were coincident with atmospheric circulation system, i. e. the subtropical high in northern hemisphere and in the western Pacific, and atmospheric oscillation all had the feature of changing from weak to strong, which indicated the response of atmospheric "climate transition" to oceanic "climate transition ".     

有益的合作

为期四年的“中美热带西太平洋海气合作研究” 已胜利完成两个航次的考察。现将有关情况介绍如下。 一、造福于人类的典范 近百年来,世界各地气候的戏剧性变化,使科学家们认识到全球范围内大面积的干旱、洪涝、严冬、酷暑、暴雪等异常天气多与厄尔尼诺现象有关。厄尔尼诺现象甚至会严重地影响人类社会活动、政权更替、人口死亡率等等。我国也不例外,大面积干旱、虫灾、洪涝、东北低温冷害等也多出现在厄尔尼诺现象发生年。统计黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、山东、江苏各省的花生、玉米、地瓜、水稻等农作物产量     

E1 Nio形成期热带西太平洋上空大气热结构

本文根据1982年12月至1987年2月中美热带西太平洋海-气相互作用联合调查观测资料计算了大气边界层的块体理查森数和温度结构系数,分析了大气边界层热力稳定度、几个标准等压面热力状况和风场的分布特征,并与1985年底至1986年初的观测资料作了对比,得出E1 Nino形成期热带大气热结构的一些特征。     

赤道低空急流及天气成因的诊断分析

利用“热带海洋与全球大气”──海洋大气耦合响应试验强化观测阶段,“向阳红五”号科学考察船于2°S、155°E定点海洋气象和高空大气探测资料,分析了热带西太平洋暖水池区低空急流及天气的成因.文章指出强化观测阶段北半球东北季风(或信风)越过赤道转变成的西北气流与赤道南侧SPCZ北─西北部西南气流辐合,是暖水池赤道南侧低空西风急流、赤道西风爆发及降水过程形成的主要原因.     

副高转折规律的初步探讨

一.前言副高转折是大气环流及天气气候转折的重要环节,也是长期天气预报中的一个难题.本文在分析北太平洋海温场变化规律的基础上,分析了北太平洋海温转折与副高转折的关系.     

反厄尔尼诺事件的个例分析

根据“中美热带西太平洋海-气相互作用联合考察”1—8航次考察资料、美国NOAA、日本气象厅及我国国家气象中心气候资料室提供的SST、水位和风场等资料,对1988—1989年反厄尔尼诺事件(La Nina)形成及发展过程和热带西太平洋海洋上层热结构的相互变化作了综合分析。文章指出在La Nina事件期间,热带太平洋的海、气参数均发生了相应的变化。热带西太平洋温跃层及热含量(0—150m)作出的响应,显示出当La Nina增强时,温跃层下降,热含量增加;La Nina盛期时,温跃层最深,热含量最大;La Nina减弱时,温跃层上升,热含量减小。它们与厄尔尼诺事件(El Nino)的关系则恰好相反。     

El Niño前后热带西太平洋潜热交换空间变化特征

本文根据中美西太平洋联合考察资料,计算了西太平洋热带海域(20°N～8°S,112°～170°E)内的潜热通量和显热通量。结果表明,该区域海气交换潜热通量的空间分布与El Niño的发生有密切联系。根据计算结果建立了潜热e_w-e-V诺谟图,显热t_w-t-V诺谟图。利用该图可随时对海气热交换特征进行诊断分析。     

青岛近百年气候变化趋势的初步分析

人类活动造成的气候变暖及海平面升高问题已成为当前海洋学与气侯学研究的热点。在全球及全国大部分地区海平面升高的总趋势下,青岛地区海平面不是上升而是下降了。本文根据青岛近百年的年平均气温和年降水量资料分析了青岛气候变化趋势。     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHRIMP RESOURCES IN THE HUANGHAI AND BOHAI SEAS AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ABNORMALITY

In this paper the relationship between the variation of shrimp resources (which is sensitive to the sea temperature of the Huanghai and Bohai Seas) and the equatorial sea surface temperature is analysed, the results obtained showing high correlation between the two. Therefore, a new approach to studying long-term variational law of fishery resources and forecasting method is made through large-scale air-sea interaction.