Potential control of climatic changes on flood events in the Yangtze Delta during 1100-2002

1IntroductionClimatic warming, flood hazards and their impacts on human society receive increasing attention from governments and public (IPCC, 2001). During recent years, agriculture, industry and even the development of the whole national economy suffered tremendous loss resulted from flood and waterlogging hazards.The Yangtze Delta is densely populated and economically developed. Monsoonal climate, geomorphologic characteristics and human activities inflict floods and water-logging hazar…     

Relationship between Granite and Eclogite on the Southern Margin of the Qilian Mountains: Evidence from Zircon SHRIMP Agesof the Aolaoshan Granite

Zircon SHRIMP ages of the Aolaoshan granite on the south margin of the Qilian Mts. range from 445±15.3 to 496±7.6 Ma (averaging 473 Ma), belonging to the Early Ordovician. Geochemically, the granite is similar to I-type granite and, tectonically, was formed in an island-arc environment based on relevant diagrams for structural discriminations. Considering also the regional geology, the authors suggest that the granite is part of an ultrahigh-pressure belt on the south margin of the Qilian Mts. and that its formation bears a close relationship to this belt.     

ТИПЫ СОЛЕНЫХ ОЗЕР В БАССЕЙНЕ ЦАЙДАМ

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Characteristics of shallow gas hydrate in Okhotsk Sea

Multidisciplinary field investigations were carried out in Okhotsk Sea by R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev (LV) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in May 2006, supported by funding agencies from Ko- rea, Russia, Japan and China. Geophysical data including echo-sounder, bottom profile, side-scan- sonar, and gravity core sample were obtained aimed to understand the characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow gas hydrates. Based on the geophysical data, we found that the methane flare detected by echo-sounder was the evidence of free gas in the sediment, while the dome structure de- tected by side-scan sonar and bottom profile was the root of gas venting. Gas hydrate retrieved from core on top of the dome structure which was interbedded as thin lamination or lenses with thickness varying from a few millimeters to 3 cm. Gas hydrate content in hydrate-bearing intervals visually amounted to 5%―30% of the sediment volume. This paper argued that gases in the sediment core were not all from gas hydrate decomposition during the gravity core lifting process, free gases must existed in the gas hydrate stability zone, and tectonic structure like dome structure in this paper was free gas central, gas hydrate formed only when gases over-saturated in this gas central, away from these struc- tures, gas hydrate could not form due to low gas concentration.     

1999年山西大同-阳高5.6级地震灾害损失评估

１９９９年１１月１日在山西省大同县和阳高县间发生Ｍｓ５．６地震,通过野外调查,对这次地震灾害损失进行了评估。评估结果表明,这次地震受灾面积达３２４ｋｍ＾２,主要受灾村５６个,重伤１０人,轻伤６０人,总经济损失为１４０２３万元。指出灾区所有房屋经历了１９８９年、１９９１年１次或２次中强地震的破坏,抗震能力明显降低是这次震害较生的主要原因。并针对这次震害的特征,提出防御与减轻震害的经验、教训及有关建议     

国家305项目"九五"科技攻关取得重要进展

2000年9月20日至10月31日,新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府305项目办公室分别在桂林、南京、北京召开会议,对"九五"科技攻关96-915项目大部分专题进行了验收。"九五"攻关在前两个五年攻关研究的基础上,按照"深化北疆、主攻天山、开拓南疆"的总体部署,在基础地质、矿带评价和开发应用等方面又取得了一系列重要进展。一、基础研究方面 （1）完成了纵贯新疆南北,穿越三山两盆的2 000 km地学断面地质-地球物理综合研究,测制了全线的人工地震宽角反射／折射剖面,并完成重点地区的深地震反射剖面及宽频带天然地震观测,运用了大地电磁测深、天然…     

EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR REGRESSION,DECONVOLUTION AND SMOOTHING OF SHOT-NOISE LIMITED DATA

A simple algorithm for deconvolution and regression of shot-noise-limited data is illustrated in this paper.The algorithm is easily adapted to almost any model and converges to the global optimum.Multiple-component spectrum regression,spectrum deconvolution and smoothing examples are used to illustratethe algorithm.The algorithm and a method for determining uncertainties in the parameters based on theFisher information matrix are given and illustrated with three examples.An experimental example ofspectrograph grating order compensation of a diode array solar spectroradiometer is given to illustratethe use of this technique in environmental analysis.The major advantages of the EM algorithm are foundto be its stability,simplicity,conservation of data magnitude and guaranteed convergence.