南亚高压活动特征及其与我国东部夏季降水的关系

利用1979—2007年NCEP/DOE2再分析资料,结合国家气象信息中心提供的595个测站逐日降水资料,分析了近30年平均的南亚高压脊线的纬度位置和东脊点的经度位置的逐日变化特征及其变化与我国东部夏季降水异常的联系。结果表明,南亚高压脊线北进过程中在5月第3候存在突变,其发生时间平均提前于南海夏季风爆发1候;同时南亚高压脊线在向北推进过程中于4月下旬出现稍南撤现象;4月后期到6月初高压脊线中段比其东段的脊线位置要偏北,北进更早,8月中期以后高压脊线中段又比其东段位置偏南。6月中旬到7月初是南亚高压东进最明显的阶段,高压东脊点存在时间尺度为一周的周期振荡。相关分析结果显示,对华南地区和江淮流域的夏季降水,南亚高压东脊点东西位置更能作为高压特征参数表征南亚高压,而对黄河下游地区的夏季降水,高压脊线更具有代表性。由合成分析可以看到,南亚高压东脊点偏东(西)年,高压强度增强(减弱),江淮流域、东北部分地区偏涝(旱),华南地区偏旱(涝)。     

基于复杂性的生态系统可持续演化特征分析

介绍复杂性理论、阐明地球生态系统的复杂巨系统特点,以水资源演化为例,说明其状态、过程、变换之间关系是错综复杂的.认为可持续发展是以人为本包括自然和社会要素的复杂巨系统问题,生态资源与环境灾害是人类与生态系统关系的正、反两态.引入复杂性理论,为人类摆脱资源、环境、生态困境提供一种科学思维方式：非线性思考问题;从单一性向系统性转变,用系统科学分析问题;从单纯追求经济效益向追求社会等综合效益的转变,并使其最大,利于走向可持续发展的轨道.     

The temporal and spatial relationship between NDVI and climatological parameters in Colorado

1 Introduction In recent years, many researchers have demonstrated that there are essential and evident correlations between NDVI and climatological parameters (temperature and precipitation). The analysis of correlation between climate forces and time-integrated NDVI over US Northern and Central Great Plains suggested that spatial and temporal variation of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration and growing degree days in growing season are the most important control on grassland…     

西北4省(区)干旱遥感监测方法——以Erads软件为例

介绍了将DVBS系统接收处理得到的NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感资料,转入Erads软件,在Erads软件中对图像进行校正、拼接,通过建模运算实现干旱遥感监测的方法和监测流程。利用该方法对2006年7月下旬西北4(省)区的地面旱情进行监测,结果表明利用该工作流程,选择合适的干旱遥感模型可以得到监测区域的旱情,旱情监测结果与地面20 cm土壤相对湿度监测的旱情结果较一致。     

陕北地区不同时相TM遥感图像的镶嵌

利用山西省6个有代表性的气象观测站1951年～2000年的气温与降水资料，分析20世纪后半叶山西地区的气候变化，结果表明：山西地区气温呈上升趋势(0．26℃／10a)，特别是90年代增温十分明显，1999年是这50年来最暖的一年。以70年代中期为界，将山西分为冷、暖两个阶段，前期为冷期，后期为暖期。50年来降水量呈明显减少趋势(-15．1mm／10a)。     

西安地区气溶胶光学特性研究

利用2008年5月-2009年4月和2010年4月-2011年3月两年的太阳光度计CE318数据,分析了西安地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和波长指数(α)的时间变化特征.结果表明,受局地污染和地形影响,泾河站的AOD全年较高,两个时段的年平均值分别为0.69±0.40和0.67±0.39,AOD和α的最大值都发生在夏季;受沙尘天气影响,气溶胶波长指数春季最小,AOD秋季最小.CE318和MODISAOD的对比结果表明,两者有较好的相关性,符合MODIS设计精度的数据占55.0％～73.3％.2008-2010年MODIS AOD平均值的空间分布表明,陕西境内存在3个AOD高值区,分别位于关中盆地、汉中市区和安康市区,局地污染和地形影响是造成AOD高值区的主要原因.     

利用移动极大熵谱法分析陕西汛期降水的准周期振荡

利用近40年陕西省汛期（5～9月）7个代表站的降水量资料，采用移动样本序列的极大熵谱法对它们的周期性进行了客观分析。结果表明：陕北汛期降水存在明显的准3年周期；关中汛期降水存在明显的准3、准2年周期，陕南汛期降水存在明显的准2年周期，并且这些准周期具有很好的稳定性和持续性。     

GSTARS computer models and their applications, part I： theoretical development

GSTARS is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for alluvial river and reservoir sedimentation studies while the authors were employed by that agency. The first version of GSTARS was released in 1986 using Fortran IV for mainframe computers. GSTARS 2.0 was released in 1998 for personal computer application with most of the code in the original GSTARS revised, improved, and expanded using Fortran IV/77. GSTARS 2.1 is an improved and revised GSTARS 2.0 with graphical user interface. The unique features of all GSTARS models are the conjunctive use of the stream tube concept and of the minimum stream power theory. The application of minimum stream power theory allows the determination of optimum channel geometry with variable channel width and cross-sectional shape. The use of the stream tube concept enables the simulation of river hydraulics using one-dimensional numerical solutions to obtain a semi-two- dimensional presentation of the hydraulic conditions along and across an alluvial channel. According to the stream tube concept, no water or sediment particles can cross the walls of stream tubes, which is valid for many natural rivers. At and near sharp bends, however, sediment particles may cross the boundaries of stream tubes. GSTARS3, based on FORTRAN 90/95, addresses this phenomenon and further expands the capabilities of GSTARS 2.1 for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport in rivers and reservoirs. This paper presents the concepts, methods, and techniques used to develop the GSTARS series of computer models, especially GSTARS3.     

Photometric Survey of Galactic Open Clusters

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Structural Styles of Fronts of Thrust-Detachment Faults in Petroleum-bearing Areas of Western China

The front of a thrust-detachment fault may have various styles such as decoupling, fold, forethrust and backthrust ones because of differences in magnitude, direction and time of the forces exerted on the fault and the inhomogeneity of rock mechanical properties. They have different characteristics and are usually associated with gravity structure, inverse structure and diapir structure. These structures exist together in the same thrust-detachment fault and can influence, compensate for and convert into each other. They provide important grounds not only for the study of the dynamic state, propagation mode, evolutionary process and formation mechanism but also for the analysis of the petroleum generation, migration, accumulation and preservation and arrangement of drill holes in foreland basins.