1999-2013年中国耕地复种指数的时空演变格局

耕地复种是中国普遍的农业种植制度,对保障国家粮食安全和促进农村经济发展十分必要。本文基于1999-2013年1 km×1 km旬SPOT-NDVI数据和3期耕地数据,利用S-G （Savitzky-Golay）滤波方法,重建了农作物生长NDVI曲线;基于二次差分算法及相关阈值限定,提取了各时相复种指数;分析了1999-2013年中国耕地复种指数的时空变化过程。结果表明：① 中国耕地复种指数从北到南逐渐增加,其中种植制度上43.48%的耕地实行一年一熟,56.39%的耕地实行一年两熟,仅有0.13%的耕地实行一年三熟。② 1999-2013年间,中国耕地复种指数整体上呈现显著上升趋势,年均增加约为1.29%（P < 0.001）;但空间差异明显,复种指数显著降低（P < 0.1）的耕地仅占全国耕地的2.12%,主要分布在河北、北京、天津交界地区,安徽中部,四川的成都平原,江西的鄱阳湖平原,湖南的北部和南部以及广西的中部;16.40%的耕地复种指数显著上升（P < 0.1）,主要分布在甘肃的东部,陕西的渭河平原,山西的西部,河北、山东和天津交界处,山东的山东半岛和湖北的江汉平原。③ 耕地复种指数年际变化率与地形起伏和经济发展水平具有较好的相关关系：起伏度增强,复种指数上升;经济发展水平提高,复种指数降低。     

Environmental archaeology on Longshan Culture （4500-4000 aBP） at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province

Based on the samples collected from the west wall of the ABYT2004 at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu,Anhui Province,the multi-environmental substitute indexes such as the grain-size,Rb/Sr,zircon crystal morphology and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed.The age of archaeological strata was determined by AMS14C dating.According to the results,combined with the information of the ancient human activities and the cultural heritage data obtained from the Longshan cultural archaeological strata,it can be concluded tha...     

浙江江郎山丹霞地貌发育的年代与成因

江郎山位于华南褶皱系、江山-绍兴深断裂和保安-峡口-张村断裂带之间.白垩纪早期这两大断裂的拉张断陷导致峡口盆地的形成,随之主要有下白垩统永康群馆头组(K1g)、朝川组(K1c)和方岩组(K1f)在盆地中的沉积.白垩纪晚期上述两大断裂发生强烈挤压活动,峡口盆地逐渐隆升.新生代以来,峡口盆地在构造抬升中,产生大量张断裂和节理,加速了对岩体的切割,以及岩体被切割后的崩塌,导致了丹霞地貌的发育.江郎山丹霞地貌申报世界自然遗产的主要依据是其特有的壮观而独特的老年期孤峰-巷谷以及生动而逼真的象形石丹霞地貌特征、独特的地台活化现象与重要的岩石学科学研究意义以及该区特有的重要事件地层学和古生物学研究的科学意义.本文根据对江郎山亚峰垂直贯穿于丹霞地貌岩层永康群中辉绿岩脉标本K-Ar法的测年,揭示了当地峡口红层盆地抬升的时代为晚白垩世77.89±2.6Ma BP(K2),这也是我国目前丹霞地貌研究中所测得的可靠年代学数据.     

武汉市空气污染状况及其与气象条件的关系

利用2002年全年的SO2、NO2、PM10的逐日平均浓度资料和武汉市观象台地面四个时次、高空两个时次的观测资料及2002年的历史天气图资料,对武汉市空气污染状况及其与气象条件的关系进行了天气气候学和动力统计学分析．结果表明：武汉市的主要污染物为PM10,其次为SO2;冬季各污染物的平均浓度最高,其次为秋季,夏季最低,冬季各污染物与气象要素的相关性最好。我国北方沙尘暴天气过程、地面冷空气从河西走廊南下影响武汉地区时,在一定的高空系统配合下会对武汉市空气质量造成严重影响。     

江苏宜兴骆驼墩遗址地层7500-5400BC的海侵事件记录

Based on archaeological excavations, 217 samples were collected from the Luotuodun Site. Of them 63 samples from the section plane of the site layer were used for identification analysis of foraminifera, plant debris and seed fossils, and four samples were used for ¹⁴C dating and relevant analysis. Through many kinds of experiments, we have drawn some conclusions. Firstly, benthic foraminifera, such as Ammonia compressiuscula and Ammonia cff. sobrina, are found in the 10th layer, indicating that between 7500 and 5400 BC, i.e. before the emergence of the Majiabang Culture, Luotuodun Site and its nearby regions had ever experienced a marine transgression event. Secondly, we have found 450 plant fossils in this site, such as Polygonum sp., Scripus sp., Najas sp., Physalis sp., which indicated lacustrine or swamp environment.     

黄土场地地震液化研究

通过往返加荷动三轴试验,对兰州某民用机场扩建工程场地的饱和黄土和砂土进行了液化试验。在试验结果的基础上,运用抗液化剪应力判别方法、地震危险性分析计算结果以及根据有限元一维模型计算求得的该场地的地震剪应力,对该场地饱和黄土和砂土的地震液化进行了综合判断。结果表明,在未来遭受到50年10％超越概率的地震作用时,该场地的饱和黄土比饱和砂土更容易发生液化。     

地质灾害综合评价在城市规划中的作用及管理模式

矿山城市地质条件复杂，工程活动强烈，地质环境改造频繁，地质灾害频发，给城市规划带来了一系列的问题，成为矿业城市可持续发展的瓶颈。以抚顺市采矿活动导致地质环境恶化地质灾害频发为例，简要的论述了城区地质环境及地质灾害与城市规划之间的关系，阐述了地质环境对城市规划的制约作用，指出了地质灾害评价为城市规划服务是一个综合性、跨学科的重大问题，提出了城区地质灾害危险性综合评价的方法，论证了地质灾害综合评价在城市规划中的地位，二者之间的相互作用以及规划管理的模式。     

秸秆焚烧导致湖北中东部一次严重霾天气过程的分析

利用地面气象要素、火点信息及污染物资料,研究了2014年6月12~13日湖北省中东部地区一次重度霾天气的成因及污染特征。结果表明:导致此次霾天气的主要原因是安徽省北部大面积秸秆焚烧所形成污染气团受偏东北气流输送的影响,12日在湖北中东部形成了两条"带状"的能见度低值区,最低能见度仅为2.1 km。秸秆焚烧污染物输送气流由北向南影响湖北,主要作用于孝感—武汉—咸宁一带,3个地区细颗粒物(PM2.5)峰值浓度均超过了600μg/m3,且武汉和孝感的PM2.5与PM10质量浓度比值在12日增加到0.76和0.77,并出现了0.96和0.93的最大值,随着污染气团的传输,其中PM2.5所占比例会出现明显下降。SO2质量浓度的变化特征不显著,NO2质量浓度在污染物质量浓度达到峰值前1~3 h达到峰值,而CO是秸秆焚烧产生的主要污染气体,其质量浓度变化与PM2.5和PM10呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.66和0.67。风矢量和分析表明:6月12日湖北省中东部存在明显的东北来向气流输送,污染物的输送是该时段霾天气发生的主要影响因子,而6月13日湖北省东北边界处的输送气流已经明显减弱消失,东南部风矢量和异常偏小导致的污染物堆积是该地区污染持续的主要原因。     

“实需排模比值”在荆州地区洪涝灾害评估中的应用

使用荆州地区1960－2005的气象观测资料和历史洪涝灾情资料,尝试用降水量、前期影响雨量、排涝量、作物耐涝状况的“实需排模比值”评估洪涝灾害,并与实际灾情进行对比.结果表明:“实需排模比值”法对洪涝灾害的核灾、评估都有较好的效果,能较准确的判定是否发生洪涝灾害及灾害的严重程度.     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.