液动冲击回转钻井机械钻速的仿真

结合三牙轮钻头有关的理论 ,建立了液动冲击回转钻井钎头的真实的数学模型、井底模型和钎头牙齿与井底岩石的互作用模型 ,用计算机仿真方法预测出了液动冲击回转钻井的机械钻速。使用表明 ,该模型可靠 ,计算结果与实际机械钻速基本一致。     

一次切断低压诱发的暖区深对流与异常副热带锋及其平流层-对流层交换

采用Cloudsat/CPR云雷达,FY2C/TBB亮温,Aura/MLS大气成分等卫星遥感资料,结合ECMWF气象分析资料和HYSPLIT4轨迹模式,研究了2009年6月一次东亚切断低压的暖区深对流和异常副热带锋面的结构和演变.分析表明,由于低压切断前的旧槽背景,在低涡的近成熟期,内部冷、暖锋降水偏弱,边沿的高空副热带锋面异常发展到对流层底部,低空西南暖湿水汽在副热带锋前聚集,形成千公里长的暖区深对流降水带.随着该锋面的快速东移,副热带锋区进入原暖区雨带,锋区热力间接次级环流的强上升支,加强了锋下冷侧（原暖湿区）的深对流,但该锋面阻挡了来自暖侧的水汽补充,降水结束.该异常副热带锋区还发生了强烈的平流层-对流层相互交换,在高空急流出口区的下方,平流层1.5PVU等位涡线向下入侵可达5.5 km（约500 hPa）处,锋下向上的深对流注入可达10 km,在入侵-注入混合区,臭氧和水汽的散点图上出现了二者浓度双高和双低的特殊气团.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FORMATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA WARM CURRENT Ⅱ. BAROCLINIC CASE

In this part, Levitus‘ climatological temperature and salinity are incorporated in the numerical model developed in Part I. Diagnostic and prognostic experiment on the thermohaline circulation were conducted. The smooth Levitus‘ data do not include any information on the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC), so it is not in the model-produced diagnostic thermohaline circulation. Although the SCSWC does not appear in the wind-driven circulation in the barotropic case, it appears in the prognostic wind-driven circulation in the baroclinic case. This implies that the differing circulation pat-terns between barotropic case and bareclinic case are due to the stratification. The prognostic thermohaline circulation with wind stress and inflow/outflow transports at open boundaries are also discussed. Coupling of density and dynamic forces makes the circulation pattern more complicated, Even though the stratification is not always a direct cause of the formation of the SCSWC, it is at least an indirect cause.     

都道燕窝珍品美 谁知金丝吐血丝——泰南漫游散记

普吉岛位于泰国南部,面积仅有54.3平方千米,是全国最小的府,却是最大的岛之一。那里有风光旖旎的热带海滨浴场,蔚蓝的天空,金黄的沙滩,起伏的海浪,在海天相接的地方,点点风帆时隐时现,勾勒出一幅迷人的优美画卷,是闻名于世的休闲避暑胜地。从普吉岛东面出海,便来到了有“海上桂林”之     

叶尔羌河上游冰川阻塞湖库容测量及最大洪水流量的计算分析

冰川阻塞湖的突然排水是叶尔羌河突发性洪水发生的根本原因.借助于对冰川阻塞湖库容的测量及分析,计算出可能的最大库容量,进而给出叶尔羌河今后可能的最大洪水流量为6888.40m~3/s。     

EROSION ANALYSIS AND REGULATION MEASURES FOR THE BEACH IN LUSI, JIANGSU PROVINCE

Based on the analysis and observations of wave, current and beach process in the coastal area of Lusi, it is concluded that the main cause for erosion in this region is the decrement of sediment supply. The sediment in a shoaling area can easily be disturbed under the action of waves and can be carried to the open sea by the cunent in those shoaling areas mainly with ebb tidal flows. The direction of sediment transport is from west to east.With the consideration of the continuous beach erosion, the major task for beach protection in the future is to protect the beach and accelerate accumulation. On the ground that wave and cunent are the important factors of erosion, suggestions are made to construct regulating works to protect the beach and accelerate accumulation with the combination of detached dyke and groin.     

应用气候学

地理学著作中的气候学,包含有各种各样的人类活动和个别区域各种非气候现象影响气候的描述。这里期望地理学家研究的主要目的是各种现象或现象群之间的关系,而不是单一现象的类型。其他描述也许涉及到无限制的经济生活上气候的效应;另方面涉及有机生命或特别工程类型上气候的效应;其他应用气候学涉及到纯科学的多种领域。气候可以当做一种自然资源,而重要的是应用气候必须经常确定资源是否被恰当地利用了。     

城市生态地球化学评价的盖子模型

分析了城市生态地球化学评价的特点。建立了城市生态地球化学评价的盖子模型。按照盖子的阻隔效应，将城市生态地球化学评价分为盖上循环、盖下库内循环和盖子网眼及边缘的库内外开放性循环三大部分内容。城市化进程就是盖子的扩张与修补过程。按盖子模型进行的城市生态地球化学评价有利于预测和防治城市生态地球化学灾害，为城市规划、建设和管理服务。     

攀枝花红格地区变质岩成因新认识

1：5万区调发现，红格地区变质岩不是前震旦系区域变质岩，它与邻近的会理群变质岩特征有明显的不同，而与把关河地区震旦系上统把关河砂岩、观音崖组和灯影组在岩性组合特征、岩石化学特征和稀土元素特征方面比较，则有惊人的相似。它们是震旦系的沉积岩受华力西-印支期岩浆作用的影响而变质的热接触变质岩。     

REE geochemistry of Early Cambrian phosphorites from Gezhongwu Formation at Zhijin, Guizhou Province, China

The Cambrian Gezhongwu Formation in Southwest China is the lowest Cambrian phosphorite unit. The Formation belongs to the Meishucun stage with small shelly fossils. Rare-earth element (REE)data from the Gezhongwu phosphorites of Zhijin documented the depositional conditions. The total REE concentrations are high in the Gezhongwu phosphorites, which are especially rich in yttrium. The PAASnormalized REE patterns of the Gezhongwu phosphorites are characterized by negative Ce anomalies and slight enrichment of MREE, as being hat-shaped. The hat-shaped patterns suggest that the REE originated from depositional environments rather than from subsequent diagenesis. The negative Ce anomalies indicate that the depositional environments are oxic. The positive Eu anomaly, the high total REE and the hatshaped REE pattern revealed contributions from the normal marine environment mixed with hydrothermal water to the REE budget of the Gezhongwu phosphorites.