苏北滨海盐碱土壤性质演化及其对脱盐规律的启示

结合野外观测和室内分析,研究了江苏如东县滨海地区围垦土地土壤性质演化规律,及其演化过程中不同粒径组分含量变化对脱盐规律的影响。结果表明,江苏如东滨海地区围垦土地随着围垦年限的增加,土壤质地逐渐变细,盐度逐渐降低。土壤质地变化趋势与盐度变化趋势具有较好一致性。砂粒含量与盐度随着围垦年限的增长而同时降低,粉粒含量随着围垦年限的增长而增加。黏粒含量与盐度变化关系较复杂,在围垦年限短的高盐度区域表现为黏粒含量随围垦年限增加而升高,与盐度变化呈相反趋势。而随着围垦年限增加到土壤盐度处于较低水平时,黏粒含量对盐分淋洗的阻碍作用较强,黏粒含量较高区域往往盐度较高。     

基于ｉＴＯＵＧＨ２的地热模型资料价值分析方法

数值模拟是地热能开采最重要的手段,然而受地层复杂性、隐蔽性、勘探经费等限制,地热模型具有不确定性,目前对资料价值的分析和讨论较少。详细阐述了利用ｉＴＯＵＧＨ２软件进行资料价值分析的流程,并结合五点抽注的地热模型设计了监测方案。选定“现有数据”和“预估数据”,确定预测目标最大容差;然后分别对校正和预测两个阶段执行资料价值分析,得 到 各 观 测点的资料价值。结果表明:不同观测类型、不同观测位置的资料价值大小不同,同一资料在不同模型阶段的价值不同;预测温度的容差大于最大容差,可优先考虑在抽水井处增加温度监测。该方法可以为优化监测网提 供 科 学 依 据,不仅适用于地热模型,也 可服务于地下水流和污染物的运移模型。      

A new economic assessment index for the impact of climate change on grain yield

The impact of climate change on agriculture has received wide attention by the scientific community. This paper studies how to assess the grain yield impact of climate change, according to the climate change over a long time period in the future as predicted by a climate system model. The application of the concept of a traditional ＂yield impact of meteorological factor （YIMF）＂ or ＂yield impact of weather factor＂ to the grain yield assessment of a decadal or even a longer timescale would be suffocated at the outset because the YIMF is for studying the phenomenon on an interannual timescale, and it is difficult to distinguish between the trend caused by climate change and the one resulting from changes in non-climatic factors. Therefore, the concept of the yield impact of climatic change （YICC）, which is defined as the difference in the per unit area yields （PUAY） of a grain crop under a changing and an envisaged invariant climate conditions, is presented in this paper to assess the impact of global climate change on grain yields. The climatic factor has been introduced into the renowned economic Cobb-Douglas model, yielding a quantitative assessment method of YICC using real data. The method has been tested using the historical data of Northeast China, and the results show that it has an encouraging application outlook.     

A numerical study on the winter monsoon and cold surge over East Asia

By using the improved regional climate model （RegCM_NCC）, a numerical study has been undertaken for the East Asia region over a period of 5 years （1998-2002） in an effort to evaluate the model＇s ability to reproduce the winter monsoon conditions that were observed. The results showed that the model can successfully simulate the basic characteristics of the winter monsoon circulations, including the location and intensity of the cold-surface, high-pressure system, as well as the wind patterns and the intensity of the winter monsoon. The simulated occurrence frequency and regions of the cold surge were consistent with the observations. The simulated rainfall distribution over China was consistent with the observations collected in South China. The features of the simulated moisture transport were also in good agreement with the observations that were derived from the NCEP reanalysis data, indicating that moisture transport coming from the Bay of Bengal trough plays a crucial role in supplying moisture needed for precipitation in South China. In addition, the moisture transport coming from the near-equatorial west-Pacific was also important. These two branches of moisture transport converged in South China, as a prerequisite for occurrence of the precipitation that was observed there. Heat budgets have shown that the development of a heat sink over the East Asian continent was remarkable and its thermal contrast relative to the neighboring seas was the important forcing factor for the winter monsoon activity. The simulation also indicated that the significant differences in circulation patterns and rainfalls during the winters of 1997/98 and 1998/99 were affected by cold and warm ENSO events, respectively. The above analysis demonstrated the model＇s ability to simulate the East Asian winter monsoon.     

金沙江龙蟠变形体隐伏构造CSAMT探测与解译

龙蟠变形（岩）体位于金沙江宽谷河段右岸,规模巨大.此处区域主构造线为近SN向的中甸－龙蟠－乔后断裂带,地质构造背景极其复杂.为查清变形体内的隐伏构造,本次运用V6A多功能系统展开了CSAMT法探测研究.通过对CSAMT反演电阻率断面和钻孔、平洞等所获取的工程地质信息的综合解译分析,检验了CSAMT（V6A系统）法在高山峡谷区隐伏构造探测中的有效性和可靠性,解译成果全面清晰地揭示了冲江河断裂等在金沙江宽谷河段的展布格局,同时为龙蟠变形体稳定性评价提供了关键性地质资料.     

滇西北地区现今构造应力状态及其与地震的关系

基于搜集到的2000—2018年滇西北地区MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解,运用线性叠加反演法进行应力场反演,分析了滇西北地区现今的构造应力状态,进一步探讨了应力张量方差的时空分布与地震活动的关系。结果显示：(1)滇西北地区地震的震源机制解类型复杂,主要以走滑型（46%）为主,正断型（27%）次之;(2)研究区的构造应力场具有整体的一致性和局部的非均匀性,呈现为NNW向挤压和ENE向拉张的走滑型应力结构,说明研究区受到来自NNW向的水平挤压作用,对该地区上地壳运动和断裂活动起主导作用;(3)滇西北地区的应力张量方差大都小于0.2,除北部一些地区外,应力场基本处于均匀状态。根据应力张量方差随时间的变化和后续地震可知,中强地震大都发生在应力张量方差值低于0.2的情形,且主要发生在应力张量方差减小即震源机制解趋于一致的过程中。空间上这些地震基本都发生在应力张量方差的低值分布区及其边缘,这一结果有助于判定发震地点和了解区域应力集中增强过程。     

基于ZeroMQ的新一代望远镜自动控制系统的通信框架设计

随着天文技术的进步,天文望远镜系统组件日趋复杂化,望远镜自动控制系统已成为望远镜进行常规观测的核心组成部分。通常执行一个完整的观测计划需要不同设备之间相互配合,协同工作,因此,具有一个高效的底层通信框架是望远镜自动控制系统成功的关键。ZeroMQ是一个高性能的网络通信程序库,提供了多种基础的通信模型,可用于构建复杂的分布式程序,非常适合天文望远镜观测控制这样的分布式、多种通信模式并存和低延迟要求的场合。回顾了在望远镜控制系统中广泛使用的CORBA,DCOM,原生Socket等网络技术,给出了基于ZeroMQ的新一代望远镜自动控制系统通信框架的总体设计,讨论了套接字设计、消息模型设计、序列化等关键技术的解决方案。     

顶点成分分析算法在端元数目估计中的应用研究

确定端元数目是混合像元分解中端元提取的前提,目前端元数目主要还是通过图像处理人员目视判读来获取。 在研究顶点成分分析算法的原理和端元光谱之间在大多数情况下相互独立的基础上,提出一种基于顶点成分分析算法的端元数目估计方法。 通过在不同端元数目、对噪声的稳健性、图像大小不同时的实验表明,该方法能够比较正确、有效地估计图像中的端元数目,文中方法与其他端元数目估计算法及相关系数阈值的自动化确定问题还需要进一步研究。     

方斑东风螺早期发育阶段形态的观察

方斑东风螺样品采自福建省南部诏安海域.其卵囊无色透明,叶片状,每个卵囊内有受精卵500～1 600个,卵径为280～308μm.方斑东风螺胚胎发育在卵囊内进行,第一次和第二次卵裂分别为经裂,分裂中有极叶出现.随后其卵裂以螺旋式不等裂方式进行,在胚胎的动物极形成帽状胚盘.其囊胚期胚体开始缓慢转动.在水温为29.0～29.5℃的条件下,产卵后60～63 h其成为早期面盘幼虫.此期以面盘、足、壳的出现为标志.中期面盘幼虫阶段包括囊内的面盘幼虫至出囊后且卵黄尚未消失的浮游幼虫初期阶段.出囊后的幼虫浮游1～2 d后,卵黄囊完全消失成为后期面盘幼虫,心脏搏动频率加快,足变大并伸长.在水温为27.5～28.5℃的条件下,经10～12 d的浮游,后期面盘幼虫转为底栖生活,随后面盘退化、萎缩并完成变态,营爬行生活,贝壳上出现棕褐色斑纹,成为稚螺.     

兰西局加快信息化建设

本报讯 兰西县国土资源局不断加强信息化建设,有力地推进了部门工作,提高了工作质效,降低了行政工作成本。 一是加大资金投入力度,微机配置层次高。二是搭建了电子政务信息平台。三是业务往来网络化。