中尺度涡影响下的南海西部活性铝分布

To understand the distribution of aluminum(Al) under the influence of mesocale eddies in the western South China Sea(SCS), sea level anomaly, geostrophic current, environmental parameters and reactive Al were investigated in the western SCS in August 2013. The highest reactive Al concentration((180±64) nmol/L) was observed in the surface waters, indicating a substantial atmospheric input. Vertically, the reactive Al decreased from the surface high concentration to the subsurface minima at the depth of chlorophyll a(Chl a) maxima and then increased again with depth at most of the stations. The average concentration of reactive Al in the upper 100 m water column was significantly lower in the cyclonic eddy((137±6) nmol/L) as compared with that in the noneddy waters((180±21) nmol/L). By contrast, the average concentrations of Chl a and silicate in the upper 100 m water column were higher in the cyclonic eddy and lower in the anticyclonic eddy. There was a significant negative correlation between the average concentrations of reactive Al and Chl a in the upper 100 m water column. The vertical distribution of reactive Al and the negative correlation between reactive Al and Chl a both suggest that the reactive Al in the upper water column was significantly influenced by biological removal processes. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddies could regulate the distribution of reactive Al by influencing the primary production and phytoplankton community structure in the western SCS.     

碎屑流冲击下的桥墩动力响应特征分析

碎屑流以其高动能和强大的破坏力被视为我国西南片区最危险的地质灾害之一,它不仅对人民群众的生命财产造成极大的危害,并且威胁到桥梁、铁路等国家的基础设施建设。本文就碎屑流冲击条件下的桥墩为研究对象,以两种不同形状的桥墩(圆柱桥墩、矩形桥墩)以及桥墩离碎屑流的物源区距离为研究条件,以离散元方法为研究手段,着重研究了碎屑流冲击桥墩时候的动力响应情况。结果表明:在相同规模以及相同距离的碎屑流条件下,圆柱形桥墩所受的瞬时冲击力的法向应力要小于矩形桥墩,切向应力则大于矩形桥墩,其所受最大冲击力以及平均冲击力都小于矩形桥墩,并且给出了物源区距离对桥墩所受冲击力的影响。研究结果对实际防灾工程有一定的指导意义。     

Trace metal anomalies in bleached <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porites</Emphasis> coral at Meiji Reef,tropical South China Sea

Coral bleaching has generally been recognized as the main reason for tropical coral reef degradation, but there are few long-term records of coral bleaching events. In this study, trace metals including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and yttrium (Y), were analyzed in two Porites corals collected from Meiji Reef in the tropical South China Sea (SCS) to assess differences in trace metal concentrations in bleached compared with unbleached coral growth bands. Ti, V, Cr, and Mo generally showed irregular fluctuations in both corals. Bleached layers contained high concentrations of Mn, Cu, Sn, and Pb. Unbleached layers showed moderately high concentrations of Mn and Cu only. The different distribution of trace metals in Porites may be attributable to different selectivity on the basis of vital utility or toxicity. Ti, V, Cr, and Mo are discriminated against by both coral polyps and zooxanthellae, but Mn, Cu, Sn, and Pb are accumulated by zooxanthellae and only Mn and Cu are accumulated by polyps as essential elements. The marked increase in Cu, Mn, Pb, and Sn are associated with bleaching processes, including mucus secretion, tissue retraction, and zooxanthellae expulsion and occlusion. Variation in these trace elements within the coral skeleton can be used as potential tracers of short-lived bleaching events.     

“土地整理项目就是好”

三月底,一场春雨过后,鲁山县马楼乡娘娘庙村王老汉望着田地里绿油油的麦苗高兴地说：“今年又是丰收年啊。还是土地整理项目就是好。”王老汉说的是鲁山县马楼乡省级土地整理项目。     

珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查内容综述

地下水污染问题得到我国政府的高度重视,珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查评价于2005年展开实施,简要综述该区地下水污染调查内容,主要包括：污染源调查、地下水污染现状调查、水土测试指标的选取以及采样点的控制等。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区新近系沙湾组油源探讨

位于准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区的车89井在新近系沙湾组地层中获得高产工业油流,为准噶尔盆地南缘前陆斜坡带新近系勘探开辟了新的领域.车排子地区与四棵树和沙湾二个生烃凹陷毗邻,存在石炭系、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系和古近系等多套烃源岩,具有形成混源原油的地质和地球化学条件.车89井新近系样品原油碳同位素、族组成及生物标志化合物组成特征等地球化学分析表明,新近系沙湾组原油与单纯的二叠系、侏罗系烃源岩既有某种程度的类似,又都存在一定的差异,没有明确的油源关系,为二者的混源产物.地球化学分析及地质研究表明,古近系乌伦古河组砂岩抽提物与新近系沙湾组原油和砂岩抽提物为同源但不是同期充注,乌伦古河组中的油气在新近系地层沉积前已完成充注,并遭受较为严重的生物降解和氧化水洗作用,从另一方面证明车89井新近系沙湾组原油不可能来自古近系烃源岩.     

GIS支持下的黄河口近期淤,蚀动态研究

以遥感和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术研究了黄河口１９８６年５月至１９９６年１０月淤积与侵蚀面积的变化及其空间动态,结果显示：黄河口１９９０年１月以前淤积为主,而１９９０年１月以后则以侵蚀为主,河口向渤海推进的速率也呈明显降低的趋势,侵蚀主要发生于河口北部和西南部,淤积的主要部位是河口嘴部及其南部。     

淀山湖不同季节营养盐含量与藻类群落的相互关系

于2009年1月至12月对淀山湖浮游藻类生物量及水体中N、P营养元素含量进行连续监测,并利用典范对应分析(CCA)对浮游藻类种类分布与环境营养因子间的相关性进行研究.结果表明:淀山湖全年藻类生物量呈现两次大规模增长时期,分别为春季的4月份(以绿藻为主)和初秋的8月份(以蓝藻为主),其中春季藻类群落最大生物量(39.68...     

大亚湾浮游植物粒级结构和种类组成对淡澳河河口水加富的响应

人类活动引起的营养物质输入导致大亚湾出现海水富营养化、赤潮频发和生物多样性下降等生态问题。为探究陆源输入影响下大亚湾湾顶淡澳河输入对湾内浮游植物粒级结构和种类组成的影响, 2016年10月在大亚湾进行了原位观测和培养试验。原位观测结果显示, 淡澳河口的总溶解态氮、磷浓度分别达到85.3μmol·L^-1和1.5μmol·L^-1。加富培养试验结果表明, 淡澳河河口水加富对总叶绿素a (Chl a)和总浮游植物丰度有显著促进作用, 并导致浮游植物粒级结构由小粒级Chl a (0.7~20μm)占主导; 浮游植物丰度中甲藻比例升高, 主要种类为锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)和原甲藻(Prorocentrum spp.)。同样, 尿素加富也促进了浮游植物群落中小粒级Chl a和甲藻的比例增加, 且主要甲藻种类与河口水加富结果一致。无机氮、磷同时加富促进了总Chl a和浮游植物总丰度增加, 而对浮游植物粒级结构和甲藻丰度则没有明显影响。对照河口水和氮、磷营养盐加富试验结果, 说明河口水携带的溶解性有机氮源可能是导致大亚湾浮游植物群落小型化, 促进甲藻生长的关键营养盐形态, 其携带的无机氮、磷同时促进总浮游植物丰度增加。本研究结果表明有机形态营养组分对大亚湾富营养化和有害藻华可能产生重要影响。     

黄河三角洲土地利用/覆被变化时空特征研究

黄河三角洲地区受人类活动作用时间相对较短,为土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动力研究提供了难得的条件.以位于黄河入海口处的垦利县为例,通过对1987-2000年土地利用/覆被变化幅度、变化构成以及流向图的分析,得到了该地区土地利用/覆被变化的特点,并应用遥感及GIS空间分析手段分析了黄河、渤海对该区土地利用/覆被变化格局的影响与作用机制.结果表明:(1)位于黄河入海口处的垦利县土地生态环境脆弱,占土地总面积80%的旱地、林草地、盐荒地和滩涂存在状态不稳定,盐荒地是其土地利用/覆被变化的核心类型;(2)黄河淡水和海洋咸水所控制的水文条件变化是该区土地利用/覆被变化的重要驱动因素,基本控制了分布的格局,并影响土地利用/覆被变化的可能性及变化方向.