青藏高原均衡场与非潮汐重力测量

根据已有资料与1°×1°平均布格异常和1°×1°平均地形高,计算出青藏高原均衡异常场。     

美国天气局的阿弗斯(AFOS)计划

美国天气局于1972年制定了全国业务和服务自动化(Automation of Field Operation andService)计划,简称“阿弗斯(AFOS)”计划。根据这个计划的要求,将使用最新的资料处理和通信技术,使天气局系统的日常业务工作自动化,使预报和服务工作得到明显改进。计划建成216个“阿弗斯”系统,预计要花6—8年时间,总造价4千万美元,每个系统     

基于四套不同数据集的西北太平洋热带气旋快速增强现象统计对比分析

利用中国气象局(China Meteorological Administration, CMA)上海台风研究所、美国联合台风警报中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center, JTWC)、日本气象厅(Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA)和香港天文台(Hong Kong Observatory, HKO)发布的四套热带气旋(Tropical cyclone, TC)最佳路径集资料,对比分析了1985—2014年间发生于西北太平洋上TC快速增强(Rapid intensification, RI)现象。根据TC记录24 h强度变化的上95%累积概率分位确定四套资料RI阈值分别为26 kn(CMA)、30 kn(JTWC)、25 kn(JMA)和25 kn(HKO)。四套RI样本时空分布特征差异不大,TC多发于菲律宾以东的西太平洋暖池区,以9、10月份最多。对比发现,JTWC资料中1～3级TC发生RI的频数和比例均远高于其他资料,经历RI后多增强为4～5级TC,从而导致强台风频数高于其他资料。考虑到四套资料在确定台风强度(定强)时使用的风速标...     

河口海岸三维水流数值模型中几种垂向坐标模式研究述评

回顾了近年来国内外河口、近岸海域三维斜压水流数值模式研究的进展,着重讨论了不同垂向坐标下三维水流模式的发展状况以及存在的问题。地形拟合坐标(σ坐标)模式可以很好地拟合床面地形和自由面,已在物理海洋学中被广泛使用。但在地形变化剧烈,尤其在密度层结效应明显的海域,σ坐标模式中的水平压强梯度力误差会引起伪密度流。寻求高精度的数值模式以及更加有效的拟合坐标变换将是值得努力的方向。     

Study on scattering wave force of horizontal and vertical plate type breakwaters

The interaction between wave and horizontal and vertical plates is investigated by the boundary element method,and the relations of wave exciting force with plate thickness,submergence and length are obtained.It is found that:1) The efficient wave exciting force exists while plate submergence is less than 0.5 m,and the plate is very thin with order O(0.005 m).2) The maximum heave wave exciting force exists,and it is the main factor for surface and submerged horizontal plate while the roll force can be ignored.3) The maximum sway wave exciting force exists,it is the main factor for surface or submerged vertical plate,and the roll force is about 20 times of horizontal plate.     

盛夏低纬海平面环流形势的个例分析

本文以1975-1978年间,低纬观测记录较多的7-8月份海平面天气图为基础,采用分析流场和温-湿场(或称能量场、θ_e场,θ_se场)的方法,研究了盛夏季节多台风生成期及台风间歇期的流场,温-湿场的主要特征,进而指出,在热带扰动不活跃、少台风或无台风生成期内,西北太平洋副热带高压脊线与赤道缓冲带轴线趋于连接,低纬东风气流强大,分析区内高值温-湿区发展,控制了大部分洋面.在热带扰动活跃、ITCZ明显加强、多台风或台风成“群”出现的时期,低纬西风东进,研究区内低值温-湿区发展,且高值区断裂,多个中心交错出现.最后指出,台风生成地点及其移动路径和海平面低值温-湿区及其走向基本一致,从而为台风路径预报提供一个值得参考的信息.     

油气体系及其特征

自１９７２年，尤其是１９８０年以来，油气体系的概念在国外地质界中广泛流行。我国于９０年代以来也开始盛行油气体系的研究与应用，本文对油气体系的研究现状，方法内容，特征及应用进行了较为系统地介绍。     

南黄海绿潮暴发与紫菜养殖的关系

采用现场调查、社会调查和卫星遥感多种手段相结合,调查了南黄海绿潮早期零星漂浮到大面积暴发的时空变化过程,分析了紫菜养殖工艺对绿潮暴发的影响,估算了南黄海不同紫菜养殖区输入海洋的绿潮藻初始生物量,并探讨了主要海域紫菜养殖面积的增长与绿潮暴发的关系。结果表明,受紫菜养殖生产工艺的影响,数以千吨的绿潮藻在短期内被刮落集中输入至海洋,为绿潮的暴发提供了最为直接和充足的绿潮藻初始生物量,其主要来源为竹根沙、蒋家沙和东沙紫菜养殖区。2005年以来,上述3个养殖区的紫菜养殖面积持续扩大,是2007年以来南黄海绿潮持续暴发的主要原因。水温是影响绿潮形成的关键环境因素,4~6月份大量被刮落入海的绿潮藻在适宜环境条件下漂浮和快速生长,并最终形成绿潮。     

不同光生物反应器培养坛紫菜 丝状体的比较研究

Vegetative cells of Porphyra haitanensis sporophytes were grown in a bubble-column and a draft-tube internal-loop airlift bioreactor at 20℃ with an illuminance of 40μmol photons m-2 s-1 for 20days. The draft-tube internal-loop airlift bioreactor yielded maximum cell density of 4850mg DCW (Dried Cell Weight)/L and higher growth rate of 0.094/d, compared to the bubble-column, 3950mg DCW/L and 0.086/d, respectively. The advantages were related to the more homogeneous fluid dynamic characteristics in the draft-tube internal-loop airlift bioreactor than the bubble-column bioreactor.     

Finite element modeling of heating phenomena of cracks excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses

A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is built up to simulate the phenomena of dynamical contact and frictional heating of crack faces when the plate containing the crack is excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses. In the finite element model, the high-power ultrasonic transducer is modeled by using a piezoelectric thermal-analogy method, and the dynamical interaction between both crack faces is modeled using a contact-impact theory. In the simulations, the frictional heating taking place at the crack faces is quantitatively calculated by using finite element thermal-structural coupling analysis, especially, the influences of acoustic chaos to plate vibration and crack heating are calculated and analysed in detail. Meanwhile, the related ultrasonic infrared images are also obtained experimentally, and the theoretical simulation results are in agreement with that of the experiments. The results show that, by using the theoretical method, a good simulation of dynamic interaction and friction heating process of the crack faces under non-chaotic or chaotic sound excitation can be obtained.