济南“7.18”大暴雨中尺度分析

综合利用常规资料、加密自动站观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、CloudSat卫星及多普勒天气雷达资料,分析了2007年7月18日济南市百年一遇的突发性大暴雨天气过程的成因及中尺度特征。结果表明,这次对流性大暴雨是由高空冷涡南部低槽、低层准东西向切变线、西太平洋副热带高压西北边缘的暖湿气流以及自东北南下冷空气共同影响所致;...     

液舱三维晃荡运动二阶共振理论解及特性分析

从无旋运动的理论出发,并利用微扰法,推导了液舱三维晃荡运动二阶共振问题的理论解。考虑纵荡和横荡运动情况,对液舱三维晃荡二阶共振问题进行了分析。当两个晃荡方向的和频(即其外部激发频率的和)或差频(即其外部激发频率的差值)等于液舱固有频率时,二阶共振发生;当某一晃荡方向(横荡或纵荡)外部激发频率与另一晃荡方向(纵荡或横荡方向)液舱某一固有频率的和或差值等于液舱另一固有频率时,二阶共振也会发生。进一步研究了各个二阶共振激发频率下水深变化对晃荡振幅的影响。结果表明,对于两个晃荡方向外部激发频率的和频和单一晃荡方向(纵荡或横荡)某一个激发频率与另一晃荡方向(横荡或纵荡)某一个属于奇模的固有频率的和频所引发的共振情况,水深变化对共振振幅大小的影响比较大;而对于相应差频所引发的共振情况,水深变化对共振振幅大小的影响比较小。     

A Finite-Difference Approach to the Time-Dependent Mild-Slope Equation

A finite-difference approach is used to develop a time-dependent mild-slope equation incorporating the effects of bottom dissipation and nonlinearity.The Euler predictor-corrector method and the three-point finite-difference method with varying spatial steps are adopted to discretize the time derivatives and the two-dimensional horizontal ones,respectively,thus leading both the time and spatial derivatives to the second-order accuracy.The boundary conditions for the present model are treated on the basis of the general conditions for open and fixed boundaries with an arbitrary reflection coefficient and phase shift.Both the linear and nonlinear versions of the numerical model are applied to the wave propagation and transformation over an elliptic shoal on a sloping beach,respectively,and the linear version is applied to the simulation of wave propagation in a fully open rectangular harbor.From comparison of numerical results with theoretical or experimental ones,it is found that they are in reasonable agreement.     

A Numerical Model for Nonlinear Wave Propagation on Non-uniform Current

On the basis of the new type Boussinesq equations (Madsen et al.,2002),a set of equations explicitly including the effects of currents on waves are derived.A numerical implementation of the present equations in one dimension is described.The numerical model is tested for wave propagation in a wave flume of uniform depth with current present.The present numerical results are compared with those of other researchers.It is validated that the present numerical model can reasonably reflect the nonlinear influences of currents on waves.Moreover,the effects of inputting different incident boundary conditions on the calculated results are studied.     

一次防雹作业过程的效果分析

利用2008年5月23—26日山东一次冰雹过程的常规气象资料,分析了此次冰雹形成的天气形势、层结条件及其触发机制等;分析了两个极相似云体在催化和未催化情况下从初生、发展到消亡的演变特征。结果表明,防雹作业加剧了冰雹云的消亡过程,表现为回波强度减弱、回波高度下降、VIL减小、生命史缩短等特征。通过对对流云系的横向和纵向对比分析,收集了18个防雹作业样本,并利用这些样本作业前后的回波强度和回波高度两个物理量进行统计检验,在显著性水平分别为1%和5%的情况下,防雹作业后回波强度减弱、回波高度下降,即防雹作业有效。利用济南防雹作业数据对防雹作业效果进行的模拟定量检验表明,防雹作业可减少降雹约27%。     

非线性波传播的新型数值模拟模型及其实验验证引入变换速度变量

以一种新型的含变换速度变量的Boussinesq型方程为控制方程组,采用五阶Runge-Kutta-England格式离散时间积分,采用七点差分格式离散空间导数,并采用恰当的出流边界条件,从而建立了非线性波传播的新型数值模拟模型.对均匀水深水域内波浪传播的数值模拟,说明在引入变换速度后进一步增大了模型的水深适用范围.对潜堤地形上波浪传播的数值模拟说明,在引入变换速度后进一步提高了模型的数值模拟精度.     

“群”概念在地面人影作业预案制定中的应用

人影安全射界有利于保证作业安全但同时又对发射形成一定限制,文章从作业效果和作业安全两个方面提出了制定作业预案的＂群＂概念,并从作业人员、作业装置和作业方式等方面对＂群＂概念引入后的作业流程进行初步探讨。     

Tests and Applications of An Approach to Absorbing Reflected Waves Towards Incident Boundary

If the upstream boundary conditions are prescribed based on the incident wave only, the time-dependent numerical models cannot effectively simulate the wave field when the physical or spurious reflected waves become significant. This paper describes carefully an approach to specifying the incident wave boundary conditions combined with a set sponge layer to absorb the reflected waves towards the incident boundary. Incorporated into a time-dependent numerical model, whose governing equations are the Boussinesq-type ones, the effectiveness of the approach is studied in detail. The general boundary conditions, describing the down-wave boundary conditions are also generalized to the case of random waves. The numerical model is in detail examined. The test cases include both the normal one-dimensional incident regular or random waves and the two-dimensional oblique incident regular waves. The calculated results show that the present approach is effective on damping the reflected waves towards the incident wave boundary.     

十一运会开幕式人工影响天气服务作业决策与实施流程设计

介绍了"十一运会"开幕式期间天气背景和人工消(减)雨作业防线设计,分析了实施区域人工消(减)雨火箭、高炮过量催化作业对监测预报、空域保障、指令下达、发射操作、弹药供给等技术保障要求及对策,明确了人工影响天气应急服务关键时间节点的主要工作内容,介绍了作业决策、作业实施、跨区作业等流程的技术要点和任务要求。经过全运会开幕式前期作业试验和应急服务检验,各项技术流程设计符合人工消(减)雨作业技术要求。     

一次典型积层混合云降水过程雨滴谱特征

利用激光雨滴谱仪观测到的资料,对2009年8月29日山东省一次典型积层混合云降水过程中雨滴谱特征进行了分析。结果表明:降水强度主要取决于最大雨滴直径,与雨滴浓度也呈正相关性,而与平均直径的关系甚微;本次降水过程中雨滴平均谱以双峰和多峰结构为主,在0.5mm左右处存在峰值;Г分布各拟合参数随时间起伏变化趋势一致,强降水时段中各拟合参数起伏变化缓慢,各值基本保持在同一水平;建立了雷达回波强度与降水强度之间的相关关系。