航空红外测温仪鉴定方法的设计

一、前言航空红外测温仪是用检测来自目标的红外辐射能量来确定目标温度的仪器,这种仪器用飞机载运,载机飞行速度为200公里/小时左右,飞行高度为几百至几千米。由于数据只能由一次测量取得,所以特别要求仪器稳定可靠。还     

高准确度压力测深技术的研究

深度是海洋环境重要的参数之一,随着海洋科学的发展,海洋深度测量技术也相应地发展与提高。长期来压力测深技术的研究与讨论,一直是人们热心讨论的课题,本文将就压力测深的准确度和压力测深的理论计算以及影响压力测深的因素,予以讨论和分析,供与同行交流。     

长白山地区现今地应力测量结果与应力状态分析

本文通过在长白山地区不同地点进行原地测量获得了现今地应力实测值的大小和方向.为了研究长白山地区现今地应力状态,结合长白山火山监测工程的需要,我们在长白山地区进行了现场地应力测量,首次取得了该区的地应力实测数据.测量方法采用水压致裂法,测点分别布置在安图县永庆乡东清村和松江镇冰湖屯村,抚松县仙人桥镇大青川村等三个不同的构造部位,测量深度为40~95 m.测量结果表明:本区现今最大水平主应力方向在天池北部以NW-NNW向为主,而在天池西部则为近EW向为主;最大水平主应力值一般为2.31~12.39 MPa,最小水平主应力值一般为1.39~7.02 MPa.与其他地区相比较,本区属中等偏高应力区.本文对研究区现今应力状态进行了初步分析,本区现今地应力状态主要受区域构造影响,同时受天池岩浆活动和地热田的影响,具有复杂性.     

基于深度卷积嵌入式聚类（DCEC）的海洋环境特征提取对渔情预报模型的改进研究

In order to improve the forecasting ability of the fishery forecast model for the longline bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), we proposed a marine environment feature extraction method based on deep convolutional embedded clustering (DCEC), combined with generalized additive model (GAM) for forecasting the longline bigeye tuna fishing grounds in the Southwest Indian Ocean. We used the MODIS-Aqua and MODIS-Terra sea surface temperature (SST) three-level inversion image data (in days) from January to December in 2018 at 0.041 6°×0.041 6° to construct a DCEC model, determined the optimal number of clusters based on the Davies-Bouldi index (DBI), and extracted the category feature value (F_M) of each month’s sea surface temperature (SST); we used monthly 1°×1° bigeye tuna longline fishery data from January to December in 2018 generated from the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), and calculated the catch per unit effort (CPUE); we matched the monthly category feature value F_M and the monthly average value of Chl a concentration with the CPUE data to construct an improved GAM; we matched the monthly average SST, the monthly average Chl a concentration and CPUE data to build a basic GAM; we used the joint hypothesis test (F test) to verify the influence of model explanatory variables; we used akaike information criterion (AIC), mean square error (MSE), and draw the frequency distribution diagrams and box diagrams of measured and predicted values, etc., to analysis the improvement effect of the improved GAM compared to the basic GAM. The results showed that: (1) the category feature value (F_M) extracted based on the DCEC model could better reflect the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of SST in the Southwest Indian Ocean, and was related with the climatic conditions, monsoon conditions, and hydrological characteristics in the Southwest Indian Ocean; (2) the factor interpretation of F_M was higher than that of the monthly average SST in GAM, which means F_M had more significant impact on the CPUE of bigeye tuna. The high catch rate was concentrated in the areas where the F_M category was 2, 10, 24 with intersections between the warm and cold currents; (3) the AIC of the improved GAM was reduced by 9.17% than that of the basic GAM and MSE of the improved GAM was reduced by 26.7% than that of the basic GAM; the frequency distribution of the CPUE logarithmic value predicted by the improved GAM was closer to the normal distribution, and the high frequency distribution interval was closer to that of the measured value; the scatter plot showed that the CPUE predicted by the improved GAM had a significant correlation with the measured CPUE, with r equaled to 0.60. This study proves the effectiveness of the DCEC model in extracting marine environmental features, and can provide a reference for the further study on the bigeye tuna fishery forecast.     

中国天气发生器的降水模拟

A stochastic model for daily precipitation simulation in China was developed based on the framework of a ‘Richardson-type‘ weather generator that is an important tool in studying impacts of weather/climate on a variety of systems including ecosystem and risk assessment. The purpose of this work is to develop a weather generator for applications in China. The focus is on precipitation simulation since determination of other weather variables such as temperature is dependent on precipitation simulation. A framework of first order Markov Chain with Gamma Distribution for daily precipitation is adopted in this work. Based on this framework, four parameters of precipitation simulation for each month at 672 stations all over China were determined using daily precipitation data from 1961 to 2000. Compared with previous works, our estimation for the parameters was made for more stations and longer observations, which makes the weather generator more applicable and reliable. Spatial distributions of the four parameters are analyzed in a regional climate context. The seasonal variations of these parameters at five stations representing regional differences are discussed.Based on the estimated monthly parameters at 672 stations, daily precipitations for any period can be simulated. A 30-year simulation was made and compared with observations during 1971-2000 in terms of annual and monthly statistics. The results are satisfactory, which demonstrates the usefulness of the weather generator.     

基于GIS的贵州省县域经济发展环境约束研究

借助反距离权重(IDW)空间插值及空间相关分析方法,对贵州省县域经济发展的空间分异特征及自然环境因素与县域经济发展的相关程度及限制作用进行分析。结果表明,贵州省县域经济发展水平在空间上存在较大差异,经济发展水平较高区域主要分布于贵阳、遵义、凯里、铜仁、都匀、兴义等政府所在地,其他县(市)人均GDP水平相对较低;经济发展水平与环境限制因子相关程度各异,其中六盘水、安顺及贵阳地区经济发展水平与环境限制因子关系密切,其他地区相关程度不明显。     

诸广岩体中段燕山期花岗岩熔融、气液包体特征及岩体成因的初步探讨

熔融包体是岩浆在结晶过程中被矿物包裹而形成的,具有“天然岩浆”之称。花岗岩中熔融包体的研究,对于探讨花岗岩的成因,了解成岩条件都具有重要的意义。诸广岩体是华南大型花岗岩基之一。对于诸广岩体的成因,目前众说纷纭,主要有重熔观点和南大地质系的花岗岩化观点。花岗岩中熔融包体的研究,对以上两种看法的区别,可以提供一定的依据。本文想通过对诸广岩体中段燕山期花岗岩中熔融、气液包体特征的研究及形成温度的则定,对诸广岩体的成因和成岩条件作一初步的探讨。     

长春市基岩裂隙水的开采现状及远景评价

长春市基岩裂隙水的开发历史,已有五十余年。但是,大规模的开采工作始于七十年代初期。主要取水层位是自垩系下统的碎屑岩含水层及其中的断裂含水带,目前市区范围的总开采量约40,000吨/昼夜,是国内集中开采的红层隙裂水源地开采量最大者。     

珊瑚砂颗粒形状特征分析

珊瑚砂粒形状及粗糙度等微细观特性影响着砂土的宏观力学性质,采用图像处理技术对珊瑚砂粒的长宽比、面积、圆度、分形维数进行了分析。使用3D测量显微镜对砂粒的表面粗糙度,界面扩展面积比、峰顶点的算数平均曲率进行了测量计算。试验结果表明:大部分珊瑚砂颗粒的长宽比介于1.2~1.5之间,且长宽比呈现出负偏态分布。砂颗粒的圆度则主要集中于0.75~0.9区间,其表现为负偏态分布。砂颗粒的面积主要在0.015~0.035 cm2之间,颗粒面积为正偏态分布。砂粒的分形维数D基本介于1.04~1.10之间,表明砂颗粒具有很强的自相似性。粗糙度的分析结果表明,珊瑚砂颗粒表面平整度差,分布有较多的侵蚀坑,局部存在尖锐的凸起,砂粒表面粗糙度S_a为20.078 μm。界面扩展比S_dr为0.167,砂颗粒表面分布有若干倾斜面。峰顶点的算数平均曲率S_pc为216.641 mm-1,显示出砂颗粒之间的接触较为尖锐。上述研究结果可为珊瑚砂宏微观力学特性研究提供参考。     

地质取样班报数字化面向对象开发及其应用

海洋地质调查中，传统的取样班报记录方式越来越不适应数字化技术的发展，本文就地质取样班报数字化技术进行探讨，并介绍了采用delphi语言开发的地质取样数字班报系统的结构、功能特点、系统配置、操作方法及其在海洋地质调查中的应用。