乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区气温分布及廓线特征

利用乌鲁木齐市5座100 m气象塔10层气温观测资料,通过统计方法详细分析了乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层不同高度气温季节变化和日变化特征。研究表明：乌鲁木齐市四季均存在逆温,北郊逆温最明显。近地层100 m内主城区气温日较差较小,约为3.5～5.5 ℃;郊区气温日较差较大,约为4.2～7.0 ℃。夏季郊区气温高于城区,冬季北郊气温最低、南郊最高;白天大气基本上为超绝热不稳定状态,夜间城区气温高于郊区。春、秋季,白天城区和郊区温差小、夜间大,且愈近地面温差愈大;春季城区与南郊温差可达2.4 ℃、秋季可达3 ℃。城区和郊区各季节各层最高气温与最低气温出现时间几乎不同步达到。夏季、秋季、冬季和春季最高气温分别约在17:00～18:10、16:00～17:20、14:30～15:50（北郊滞后1.5 h）、17:00～18:00（南郊提前1.5 h）出现,最低气温分别约在7:10～8:20、8:00～9:00、冬季为多个时段（这与出现逆温有关）、7:30～8:40出现。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地秋季陆面过程特征

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中2014年10月的秋季涡动通量数据,分析了塔中秋季陆面过程通量变化特征。结果表明：（1）塔中秋季10月净辐射R_n、感热通量H、潜热通量LE、地表土壤热通量G₀峰值依次为273.0、141.6、5.0、105.0 W·m^-2,平均日总量依次为2.85、2.68、0.08、-0.57 MJ·m^-2,净辐射能量分配以感热能量输送为主。（2）不同典型天气下,净辐射日总量扬沙>晴天>阴天>降水;阴天、扬沙天气H随R_n不同程度削减而减少,降水天气潜热增多导致日变化特征有别于其他天气。（3）10月能量闭合率为79.0%,不同天气能量闭合率阴天>晴天>扬沙>降水,依次为86.8%、83.4%、79.4%、71.4%。（4）地表反照率晴天呈“U”型变化,阴天和扬沙天气地表反照率趋势变缓发生波动现象,降水天气波动较大,趋势先降低后回升。（5）月平均热通量日间为正值,夜间为负值。日间能量闭合率为73.9%,夜间为50.8%,存在较高的能量不闭合。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘夏季典型晴天近地层湍流能谱特征

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘肖塘地区涡动相关系统三维方向风速（u,v,w）、气温、CO₂、H₂O等观测数据,分析了夏季典型晴天不同大气稳定度条件下湍流功率谱和协谱。结果表明：大部分情况下湍流速度谱分布满足-2/3幂指数率,垂直方向高频段惯性副区符合程度更高,水平方向次之;CO₂和H₂O浓度则符合程度较低;温度谱与无因次频率总体上都具有很好的相关性。垂直风速与径向风速u的协谱斜率拟合值大多数情况下更接近-1,而在近中性层结条件下更符合-4/5斜线。稳定层结条件下的协谱峰值比不稳定层结时更大,且约大一个量级;不稳定层结条件下高频段协谱近直线型下降。u谱对应的谱峰波长随稳定度增加而减小,v谱和T谱对应的谱峰波长随稳定度的增加没有规律性增减;u、v、w、T谱谱峰波长约67~827、69~2417、4~54、12~661 m。     

Detecting exoplanets with FAST?

We briefly review the various proposed scenarios that may lead to nonthermal radio emissions from exoplanetary systems(planetary magnetospheres, magnetosphere-ionosphere and magnetospheresatellite coupling, and star-planet interactions), and the physical information that can be drawn from their detection. The latter scenario is especially favorable to the production of radio emission above 70 MHz. We summarize the results of past and recent radio searches, and then discuss FAST characteristics and observation strategy, including synergies. We emphasize the importance of polarization measurements and a high duty-cycle for the very weak targets that radio-exoplanets prove to be.     

Development versus conservation: evaluation of landscape structure changes in Dem?novská Valley,Slovakia

This paper presents the changes of landscape structure in the Dem?novská Valley which ranks among the most valuable protected areas of Slovakia. The area was selected on the basis of changes associated with the rapidly growing tourism industry and the rise of an important destination in the center of Low Tatras National Park, Slovakia. To document any changes, we visually interpreted data from aerial and satellite images in three periods(1949, 2007 and 2013) and for predicting future changes we used land use planning documentation. Interpreted data were analyzed using overlay analysis and landscape metrics. Results showed extensive changes in the landscape structure mainly connected with the development of tourism infrastructure. We also identified long-term changes whose causes stem from the transformation of society and forest management in the past. The dynamics and extent of these changes may increase in the future. We propose to stop future development of ski slopes and expansion of related infrastructure, to focus on sustainability and environmentally friendly operation of the existing ski resort and to invest a substantial portion of profits to support projects aimed to preserve surrounding lands and wildlife.     

Status and outlook of hiking trails in the central part of the Low Tatra Mountains in Slovakia between 1980–1981 and 2013–2014

This study presents a methodology for assessment of the condition of hiking trails (HTs) and their impact zones in the central part of the Low Tatra mountain range, based on comparison of two complex data sets gathered in 33 years apart. The first field investigation was performed in 1980 and 1981, and the second in 2013 and 2014. The main goal was to perform a landscape typology in order to assess the susceptibility of landscape complexes to occurrence of anthropogenic and natural destruction processes and to assess the condition and prospects of HTs and their impacts on the adjacent alpine environment. Landscape complexes were characterised by selected abiotic, biotic and technical parameters of HTs and their impact zones. Due to the high variability of these parameters over the length of the HTs, we had to decide on how to map them. This was done using a square grid with 100 m-sized cells. For each cell with HT, the parameters were assigned the typical value within that cell. In total, 26.3 km of HT were studied, stretching over 266 grid cells. On comparison of the two data sets, it was seen that, 64% (171 grid cells) display a generally positive condition, with 54% (143 grid cells) even exhibiting significant improvement or continuously positive state of their condition. 36% (95 grid cells) were in bad condition, including 3% (9 grid cells) whose state had deteriorated, and 2% (6 grid cells) whose state had significantly deteriorated, in the time between the two assessments.     

地质之旅

正在秀丽的地质风景之中驻足,别有一番滋味。那山,那水,那林,那田,那湖,那草……灵气灵性并存,山水林田湖草一色。千奇百态的景观,出于大自然巧妙的"雕塑"之手。翻阅一页又一页的地质历史,寻觅一个又一个有趣的故事。在一条通往远古时光的隧道中,不自觉间步入到神奇的地质世界,走一趟别样的旅行之途!     

地质之辉

正跋山涉水的地质工作背后有着温情故事。卧雪爬冰的某些细节之中夹杂着铁血英雄的柔情。地质之辉,光芒四射。叩击心灵,流露心声。支撑他们信念的钢铁般意志,在光环之内,更在光环之外。怎一份地质情怀了得!     

CT冠状动脉造影应用于急性胸痛临床实践研究进展

急性胸痛是一个重要的公共卫生问题,它可以造成高昂的医疗成本支出,并显著影响人民健康。急性冠脉综合征是急性胸痛血管性病变的主要原因,影像学检查可以快速、有效地对血管性病变进行排查诊断。本文主要就CT冠状动脉造影在急性胸痛中的临床实践做一综述。      

Geochemistry of Sediments from the Lopare Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Implications for Paleoclimate, Paleosalinity, Paleoredox and Provenance

A combined inorganic and organic geochemical study was carried out on marls and mudstones collected from the Lower Miocene Lopare Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 46 samples collected from two boreholes, Pot 1 (depth of 193 m) and Pot 3 (depth of 344 m), showed that element abundances like boron (B), lithium (Li), strontium (Sr), uranium (U), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) are much higher than average than in the upper continental crust (UCC). Chemical composition indicates at least two sources: (i) Mesozoic ophiolites occurring in the north of the investigated area, and (ii) dacito-andesitic pyroclastics (Mesozoic to Cenozoic). Lopare Basin sedimentation was influenced by strong evaporation resulting in a partly hypersaline lake, which formed during a warm climatic period, probably during the Miocene Climatic Optimum. A brief episode of humid climate conditions resulted in the basin filling-up and deposition of felsic sediments enriched in thorium (Th). Organic geochemistry shows that the majority of studied sediments contains predominantly immature to marginally mature algal organic matter (OM). The biomarker patterns are generally in agreement with the geological history of the Lopare Basin and inorganic and mineralogical data. Conversely, the molecular distribution of n-alkanes as reliable climatic and δ-MTTC as paleosalinity indicators do not support this conclusion.