塔城地区1960-2018年季节性冻土的变化特征及影响因子分析

利用1960-2018年塔城地区9个气象观测站冻土深度及同期气温观测资料,采用数理统计方法分析了其分布状况、变化特征及其与气象因子的关系,结果表明：近59a塔城地区最大冻土深度均在120cm以上,大值区主要分布在中部、南部及托里,冻结初日最早出现于9月上旬,最晚结束于5月中旬;年最大冻土深度除额敏以4.00cm/10a的速率显著增多外,其余各站均表现为减少趋势,其中克拉玛依减幅最大;月际变化中1月、2月、5月、9月、10月仅个别站表现为增多趋势,其余站表现为减少趋势,而3月、4月、11月、12月9站均表现为一致的减少趋势;塔城地区最大冻土深度年际变异系数均表现为中等变异性,表明其对气候变化的响应较敏感;平均冻土深度年代际变化呈现“浅-深-浅-浅-浅-浅”的变化趋势,从1980年代开始平均冻土深度逐渐变浅;影响最大冻土深度变化的因子主要有年（月）平均气温、平均最低气温及气温日较差。     

新疆肖塘冬季土壤呼吸特征及影响因素

采用LI-COR8150多通道土壤碳通量观测系统对塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘肖塘地区盐碱地和流沙地土壤的冬季呼吸速率、土壤温度、含水量的日变化动态进行定位连续监测,并深入分析土壤水热因子对呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:(1)肖塘地区盐碱地和流沙地的土壤呼吸速率较低,具有明显的日变化规律,并会因土壤类型的不同而有微弱差异,总体上均呈不对称"钟形"的单峰型曲线。(2)夜间及凌晨2类土壤的呼吸速率多为负值,表明该时段土壤成为碳元素的汇集区,然而在日尺度上沙漠地区仍属于碳源,但相对较为微弱。(3)盐碱地和流沙地的土壤呼吸速率与土壤表层0~5cm平均温度均具有较为一致的昼夜变化趋势,且分别存在极显著的线性和指数回归关系。温度敏感性指数Q10在2类土壤中均较小,其中盐碱地Q10相对较大。(4)土壤呼吸速率与土壤表层0~5cm平均含水量在盐碱和流沙两地昼夜变化趋势均较为一致,且存在极显著的线性关系。(5)相对于单因素影响下的一维回归方程,土壤温度和含水量对土壤呼吸速率的二维回归方程能够更好地解释土壤呼吸随时间的变化情况,且土壤温度和含水量对于土壤呼吸速率均表现出明显的时滞效应。     

Experimental Study of An Aquaculture Net Cage in Waves and Current

Model experiments of a floating fish cage subjected to waves and current have been performed. The objective was to study the dynamic behaviour of the fish cage model in waves and current. The fish cage model was composed of a model net, a flexible floating collar of the circular plastic type and a weight system. It was found that there are many wave periods in which cancellation of the wave-induced forces on the model occur. These cancellation wave periods are within the range of dimensioning wave periods commonly used for testing of fish farm structures and hence are important to be aware of. Large deformations of the net under realistic wave and current conditions were observed, where contact between the net and other parts of the structure were identified. This may cause damages to the net due to abrasion.     

A framework for computer vision-based health monitoring of a truss structure subjected to unknown excitations

Computer vision(CV) methods for measurement of structural vibration are less expensive, and their application is more straightforward than methods based on sensors that measure physical quantities at particular points of a structure. However, CV methods produce significantly more measurement errors. Thus, computer vision-based structural health monitoring(CVSHM) requires appropriate methods of damage assessment that are robust with respect to highly contaminated measurement data. In this paper a...     

基于CT表现的孤立性肺结节良恶性预测模型的研究

目的:筛选并分析影响肺结节良恶性的因素,建立预测模型、验证该模型并与梅奥模型、Brock模型对比。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月深圳市人民医院有病理结果的孤立性肺结节病例319例,其中229例作为建模组（A组）,90例作为验证组（B组）,分析A组病例性别、年龄、直径、吸烟史、毛刺、位于上叶、边界不清楚、分叶征、空泡征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、含磨玻璃密度及钙化,通过单因素分析及Logistic回归分析,筛选出独立影响因子,并建立回归方程。用B组资料进行验证并将B组资料分别代入本研究模型、梅奥模型及Brock模型进行对比。结果:单因素分析示年龄、直径、毛刺、上叶、边界不清楚、分叶、空泡、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、是否含有磨玻璃密度在良恶性结节中的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,Logistic回归分析示有毛刺、有分叶、边界不清楚和含有磨玻璃密度为恶性孤立性肺结节的独立影响因素,并据此建立的回归方程ROC曲线下面积为0.894,其灵敏度为91.3％,特异度为77.3％,阳性似然比为4.02,阴性似然比为0.11,阳性预测值为80.8％,阴性预测值为89.5％;本研究模型与梅奥模型的差异有统计学意义（P=0.0049）,与Brock模型差异没有统计学意义（P=0.79）。结论:有毛刺、有分叶、边界不清楚和含有磨玻璃密度为恶性孤立性肺结节的独立影响因素,据此建立的回归方程具有较高的诊断效能。本研究建立的模型诊断效能优于梅奥模型,与Brock模型诊断效能相当。      

听神经瘤MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的:对比分析桥小脑角区听神经瘤MRI表现及病理特征相关性,提高对其影像诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析通过外科手术且病理证实的24例听神经瘤MRI表现,包括形态、截面大小、信号、弥散受限程度及增强扫描强化程度,与病理特征对照分析。结果:24例听神经瘤中囊实性病灶18例,14例与内听道关系密切,2例伴出血,14例病灶周围脑组织水肿,1例病灶实性部分呈轻度弥散受限,增强扫描实性部分强化,囊壁强化,囊内无强化,病理特点为Antoni A型和Antoni B型细胞共存;实性病灶4例,均与内听道关系密切,1例病灶内出血,2例伴周围脑组织水肿,2例轻度弥散受限,增强扫描均强化。病理特征:以丰富的Antoni A型细胞为主;2例囊性病灶,增强扫描囊壁强化,其中1例与内听道关系密切,1例伴有周围脑组织水肿,2例均无出血成分及弥散受限征象。病理特点:主要由Antoni B型细胞构成,囊壁成分为Antoni A型细胞。结论:听神经瘤MRI表现在一定程度上反映其病理特征,MRI检查对其诊断与鉴别诊断有一定帮助。      

Does wetland watershed land use influence amphibian larval development? A relevant effect of agriculture on biota

Agriculture practices have been widely proposed as the major cause of amphibian population decline. However, the majority of these results have been based on laboratory experiments. The present study was conducted to test the repercussion of wetland sediment provenance on amphibian larval development. Bufo bufo larvae were used in two different treatments in an outdoor experiment, the first one using sediment from one wetland surrounded by intensive agricultural practices, and the second using sediment with no record of agrochemical uses. A negative effect was observed in the agricultural treatment, from subcellular to individual level. The results showed that the sediment from agricultural practices watershed generates a reduction in survival. Furthermore, individuals that developed under this treatment showed a lower total length and a delay in the time necessary to complete metamorphosis; these features are connected with recruitment success. In the same way, biochemical analysis showed high values of lipid peroxidation in metamorphs developing in sediments from an agricultural area. Finally, the results obtained highlight the importance of considering the sediments, not only the water, as origin treatment, allowing us to understand the consequences on amphibian populations that inhabit areas affected by intensive agriculture.