自然资源经济评价的标准和综合指标问题

苏共中央和苏联部长会议在《关于加强自然的保护及改进自然资源之利用的补充措施》决议(1978年12月)中强调指出:“在工业、运输业、农业…迅速发展的条件下,保护自然和合理利用自然资源,是苏维埃国家的一项极为重要的经济任务和社会任务。”最优化地利用自然是经济地理学以及有关邻近学科的最重要任务。经济地理学在上述问题上已取得了显著的成就。     

发展以卡普恰盖水库为基地的灌溉农业

生产力布局的改善是发展国民经济的迫切问题之一。苏共26大提出下列措施的重要目的是:“各加盟共和国与各经济区经济发展进一步专业化和按比例发展的基础上,改善生产力布局,提高社会生产效益”。哈萨克斯坦已做出了计划:“在开发自然资源和发展燃料动力与原料基地方面的巨大工程”。     

联合国“人与生物圈”第八届理事会中有关今后干旱区研究的趋势

联合国教科文组织“人与生物圈”第八届理事会于1984年12月3日—8日在巴黎联合国教科文组织总部召开。出席会议的有27个理事国、16个国家的观察员和7个国际组织共136名代表。我国也派出了以中华人民共和国“人与生物圈”国家委员会主席秦力生和副主席阳含熙为首的7人代表团,中国科学院沙漠研究所所长朱震达作为代表也参加了会议。 会议强调指出,热带及亚热带、干旱及半干旱区、城市生态系统和生物圈保护区仍作为今后人与生物圈的主要研究项目。理事会对干旱和半干旱区研究,在前10年(1971—1981年)工作期间所开展的活动进行了总的评价,认为过去的工作重点围绕联合国防治沙漠化行动计     

IP法几种常用电极排列的比较

激电工作使用的电极排列有多种,应根据工作目的、地质条件和需要信息量选其一种进行工作,否则不但得不到预期效果,而且浪费资金。遗憾的是有这种倾向,某种电极排列得到偏爱,不分场合照例使用,对其它电极排列的特点则考虑不多。论述各种电极排列优缺点的文章不多,虽通过模型实验结     

白鲢水臌病的研究

广东省顺德县流行着一种当地群众称之为“水臌扁”的自鲢粘体虫病,作者之一于1978年6月于龙江公社进行鱼病调查时,发现了这种病,并作了初步研究,1982年我们又继续进行了这项工作。此病解放前就流行于顺德各养鱼区,由于未造成鱼类大批死亡,故一度被人们所忽视,也未见有这方面的报道。因此本文可能是首次报道。本文分三部分叙述,一,流行情况,包括流行季节和地区分布,感染率和感染强度,对寄主的影响;二,病鱼和病原体,包括病鱼征象,孢囊和病原体的形态学;三,孢子在鱼体各组织器官中的分布情况。     

中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文)

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.     

基于空间分析与实证的中国农业土地边际收益与全要素生产率研究(英文)

This paper attempts to explore the temporal and spatial nature of the marginal revenue of land, total factor productivity (TFP) change and its three components: technical change (TC), technical efficiency change (TEC) and scale efficiency change (SEC) as seen in Chinese agricultural production from 1995 to 1999. Based on county-level data, the study utilized both stochastic frontier and mapping analyses methods. The results show that growth in the marginal revenue of land was diverse across various regions, where most gain occurred in eastern coastal zone, while loss was in Northwest and North China. China has experienced moderate decreases in annual TFP change (-0.26%) with considerable regional variations. Specifically, the administrative intervention in grain production and the deterioration of the agricultural technology diffusion system led to a moderate drop in annual TFP change. County-level mapping analyses took into account interregional variances in TFP and its components. Regarding components of TFP, TEC differences explain the majority of regional dispersions in TFP. As developed areas in China, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan economic zone face the challenges of land conversion and grain security amidst the process of urbanization.     

妖娆的日尔曼(一) 墨绿色的柏林

<正>早在时光被规规矩矩地定义计算之前,日尔曼民族就凭借着他们的智慧和力量在那段还未被精确划分的岁月里繁荣,生生不息。即便经过了岁月长河的洗礼和冲刷,德国人骨子里还是保留着来自他们祖先的得天独厚的智慧基因,而在动荡变迁中又逐渐成就了内敛、克制、严谨的性格。而柏林,更是把这种性格发挥到了极致。有一句谚语说"整个柏林就像一片白云"说得浪漫又贴切。云一样纯净,明媚,没有固定的形状,放肆地发展出多种碰撞的气氛来。穿着呢子短大衣的上班族脚步匆忙,身材高挑的年轻女子散发     

新疆博斯腾湖全新世沉积磁性矿物组成与沉积环境探讨北大核心CSCD

中国西北干旱区湖泊沉积物存在磁性矿物种类复杂和磁化率普遍偏低等问题,使得利用环境磁学手段重建古环境、古气候的方法受到了限制。选择新疆博斯腾湖BST12B钻孔顶部岩芯(深度0~2.5 m)不同沉积相的代表性样品,进行载磁性矿物富集,并将原样品和富集获得的样品分别做XRD(X荧光衍射)岩石矿物检测。结果显示,所有湖相样品中均有黄铁矿和磁铁矿检出,而没有磁黄铁矿和针铁矿检出,说明博斯腾湖全新世湖相沉积物的主要磁性矿物是磁铁矿,并含有少量黄铁矿;富集获得的样品中粘土矿物(如绿泥石等)含量明显增加,石英、长石和方解石含量降低,富集后的残留样品的磁化率大幅度降低,说明粘土矿物对干旱区湖泊沉积物的磁学贡献不容忽视。结合沉积物粒度、色度、硫元素含量以及沉积物磁性矿物的组合特征推断,黄铁矿可以作为湖泊高水位的指示矿物种类,因而具有重建湖泊古水位变化的潜力,并应用到博斯腾湖的全新世湖泊环境重建,发现博斯腾湖BST12B钻孔位置早全新世为接近氧化环境的浅湖相环境,而中晚全新世为深湖相沉积环境并存在一个浅水的湖滨相沉积环境。研究结果说明,利用载磁性矿物富集的方法对干旱区湖泊沉积物中所含磁性矿物进行富集后检测是开展干旱区湖泊环境磁学研究的可行手段,对研究湖泊环境变化具有重要意义。     

生态产品价值化驱动下的文旅小镇国土空间规划治理研究——以湖南桃花源为例

生态产品的价值化是生态文明建设中实现绿色发展的主要路径,在建立生态资源的标准体系、科学量化生态产品价值、健全生态产品开发机制、实现产业生态化和生态产业化的过程中,国土空间规划治理已成为解决这一系列问题,协同生态环境保护和经济高质量发展的核心工具。本文从生态产品价值化与国土空间规划治理的关系出发,以三维价值认知、生态产品价值化与国土空间规划治理现状特征、问题与原因为方向,深入分析桃花源文旅小镇生态产品价值化与国土空间规划治理现状问题。从生态产品价值化理念引领的国土空间融合与布局优化,加快推进生态产业化发展的国土空间复合利用模式,保障生态产品价值化的国土综合整治与生态保护修复,加强国土空间规划治理来推进生态产品价值化的体制机制四个方面提出桃花源文旅小镇生态产品价值化驱动的国土空间规划治理对策建议,从而保障生态产品价值更好地实现。