探空资料在输电线路覆冰事故评估中的应用

为了分析2008年初浙江省电网大面积覆冰事故发生的原因,在缺乏有代表性电线结冰观测的条件下,利用气象探空观测资料统计分析低空各个海拔高度上气温、湿度条件,发现低温与高湿度的配置条件出现状况与输电线路覆冰事故调查结果有较好的对应,可将这样的配置条件视作覆冰气象基本条件,并可通过对比历史上严重冰雪天气灾害发生期间的低空覆冰气象条件,分析评估电网覆冰事故。分析指出:2008年1月中旬至2月初,浙江内陆海拔100 m以上高度出现持续性较严重的覆冰气象条件,是有系统气象记录以来最严重的时段,覆冰条件随着海拔高度的增高而加强,其主要原因是大气层低空低温与高湿配置条件较好,持续时间长。     

浙江省两套闪电定位系统地闪数据对比

针对2009—2013年浙江省气象部门和电力部门闪电定位系统 (lightning location system, LLS) 监测的地闪 (cloud-to-ground lightning, CG lightning) 数据,从时空分布及探测效率等方面对两者进行对比。结果表明:电力部门LLS监测的年平均地闪频次稳定大于气象部门LLS监测的年平均地闪频次。从空间分布看,沿海平原和金衢盆地等平原地带,两者的地闪密度相近;在杭州和衢州交界地区,气象部门LLS监测的地闪密度稳定大于电力的地闪密度;在其他地区 (如浙西北、浙中南部和浙南等大部分地区),电力部门LLS监测的地闪密度稳定大于气象部门LLS监测的地闪密度。利用雷暴日数对两者的探测能力对比可知,气象部门LLS对一些较弱雷暴天气过程中的地闪有漏测可能。利用雷击跳闸记录对比分析,电力部门LLS逐年探测效率稳定高于气象部门LLS的探测效率,两者相差约6%。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE VORTICES IN EAST CHINA AND THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION

Data from high-resolution satellites were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in central and east China and the western Pacific Ocean region. The monthly variation in MCVs was significant. From May to October, MCVs were clearly affected by large-scale environmental conditions, including the South Asian summer monsoon, subtropical high and solar radiation, which resulted in clear changes in MCV spatial distributions from strengthening and weakening processes. Based on the analysis of diurnal MCV variations and the precipitation rate from May to October, MCVs were found to occur more frequently over the ocean than over land. MCVs near the Sea of Japan and northern South China Sea occurred during all types of weather. Ocean occurrences near land, such as the Ryukyu Islands, were categorized as morning-active MCVs. The hilly regions of southeastern China and North China Plain were characterized by afternoon-active MCVs. Limited to topography and the urban heat island effect, the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area had evening-active MCVs, while Changbai Mountain had nocturnal MCVs.     

夜间稳定边界层中小尺度地形激发的形式阻力和波动阻力

通过求解含有摩擦耗散的线性化大气动力学方程组,得到了在夜间稳定大气边界层中小尺度地形产生的波动阻力和形式阻力的解析解.结果表明边界层中的稳定度、风速和湍流状态、边界层厚度、上部残余层中的稳定度和风速以及地形高度和坡度,都会影响波动阻力和形式阻力的大小,应在数值模式的参数化方案中给予考虑.分析还表明,当地形坡度减到一定程度时,形式阻力可以忽略不计.     

中国南方地区冻雨落区分析及推算

基于改进的层结分析法,对2008-2019年我国出现的5次严重冻雨过程的冻雨落区及冻雨出现的海拔高度进行了推算,并利用全国地面2000多个地面测站的雨凇观测数据及电网覆冰灾情资料进行了验证.改进算法后推算的冻雨落区不仅涵盖了地面观测的雨凇分布区域,还涵盖了无雨凇观测但出现严重冻雨灾情的山区,且推算的冻雨出现海拔高度与实...