Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Effects of Disposal Space on the Flow Field Around the Combined Three-Tube Reefs

The artificial reefs placed on the seabed with different layouts and disposal spaces will produce variational flow field. The intensity and scale of the combined three-tube artificial reefs with different layouts at five Reynolds numbers (Re) are numerically investigated by use of the RNG k?ε turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm. A stationary no-slip boundary condition is used on the models and the bottoms, and the free surface is treated as a “moving wall” with zero shear force and the same velocity with inflow. In order to validate the simulation results, a particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment is carried out to analyze the flow field. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the data obtained from experiment. The corresponding errors are all below 20%. Based on the validation, the effects of disposal space on flow field are simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation, in a parallel combination, a better artificial reef effect is obtained when the disposal space between two parallel reefs is 1.0L (L is the length of the combined three-tube reef model). In a vertical combination, when the disposal space between two vertical reefs is 1.0L to 2.0L, the artificial reef effect is better.     

基于粗糙集理论与响应面法的老黏土膨胀敏感性分析方法

评价老黏土膨胀性等级时出现的误差主要源于多因素在参数统计上的不确定性,对此提出老黏土膨胀敏感性分析方法。结合粗糙集理论分析各因素的敏感性并确立主导因素,进而构建老黏土膨胀性等级的多因素定量评价模型,随后通过响应面法,分析主导因素间参数不确定性的交互作用对评价结果的影响。襄阳城区老黏土研究表明,自由膨胀率和体缩率为影响评价结果的主导与次主导因素,二者参数变化产生的交互作用对膨胀性评价等级影响较显著。当体缩率统计值较大时,随着自由膨胀率的上升,膨胀性评价等级变幅较大,偏大的自由膨胀率将高估老黏土的膨胀性,致使评价过于保守,偏小的自由膨胀率则会对其低估,导致结果较不可信;而当体缩率统计值较小时,评价等级随自由膨胀率的上升变化不大,因此评价结果较为准确。所得结论可为老黏土膨胀性评价与分类工作提供参考。