日常生活视野中的旅游社区空间再生产研究——基于列斐伏尔与德塞图的理论视角

在空间与旅游地空间的相关研究中,社区居民及其日常生活所扮演的角色未得到充分的重视.而本文试图转向微观层面,关注空间演化中居民与日常生活的力量.研究以世界文化遗产“开平碉楼与村落”核心区马降龙村为例,运用观察法与访谈法,探索由旅游发展所推动的旅游社区空间再生产的现象与特征.基于列斐伏尔的“空间三元论”与德塞图的“日常生活实践”理论,讨论在空间再生产的过程中,居民如何通过日常生活,对抗政府与景区管理主体构想的空间表征,体现具有反抗性的表征空间.研究发现,在日常生活中,反抗性的表征空间表现出嵌入、抵制、进攻性抵制、反噬、再生等形式.现阶段,低度开发水平下居民与政府及景区管理主体的对抗达到一种微妙的平衡状态.长期看来景区组织与居民角色的特性,以及对土地的掌控保障了反抗潜力的延续.而旅游社区的空间秩序最终将在所有旅游利益相关者的协商中形成.旅游发展中居民扮演的角色影响其协商能力,造成不同的行动机制与意义.旅游社区空间活力最终在多主体、多目标的空间生产过程中激发,这一过程始终展现出日常生活的创造力.     

坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击拦挡坝动力响应研究

拦挡坝有效库容和泥石流冲击力是泥石流实体拦挡坝设计的重要指标,现有实体拦挡坝在泥石流反复冲击作用下淤积甚至填满,会对坝体调控能力产生重要影响.为此,基于理论分析和物理模型试验,开展坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击实体拦挡坝动力响应研究,推导坝后淤积条件下泥石流速度衰减率、坝体拦挡率的无量纲计算公式,并建立考虑空间分布特性的坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力计算模型.结果表明：泥石流速度衰减率和坝体拦挡率与淤积体高度/淤积长度比值和泥石流相对容重呈正相关;泥石流冲击力静动荷载组合计算模型能较好反映坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力的组成和分布特征.上述研究可为泥石流实体拦挡坝工程设计提供理论及技术支持.     

中尺度涡影响下的南海西部活性铝分布

To understand the distribution of aluminum(Al) under the influence of mesocale eddies in the western South China Sea(SCS), sea level anomaly, geostrophic current, environmental parameters and reactive Al were investigated in the western SCS in August 2013. The highest reactive Al concentration((180±64) nmol/L) was observed in the surface waters, indicating a substantial atmospheric input. Vertically, the reactive Al decreased from the surface high concentration to the subsurface minima at the depth of chlorophyll a(Chl a) maxima and then increased again with depth at most of the stations. The average concentration of reactive Al in the upper 100 m water column was significantly lower in the cyclonic eddy((137±6) nmol/L) as compared with that in the noneddy waters((180±21) nmol/L). By contrast, the average concentrations of Chl a and silicate in the upper 100 m water column were higher in the cyclonic eddy and lower in the anticyclonic eddy. There was a significant negative correlation between the average concentrations of reactive Al and Chl a in the upper 100 m water column. The vertical distribution of reactive Al and the negative correlation between reactive Al and Chl a both suggest that the reactive Al in the upper water column was significantly influenced by biological removal processes. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddies could regulate the distribution of reactive Al by influencing the primary production and phytoplankton community structure in the western SCS.     

碎屑流冲击下的桥墩动力响应特征分析

碎屑流以其高动能和强大的破坏力被视为我国西南片区最危险的地质灾害之一,它不仅对人民群众的生命财产造成极大的危害,并且威胁到桥梁、铁路等国家的基础设施建设。本文就碎屑流冲击条件下的桥墩为研究对象,以两种不同形状的桥墩(圆柱桥墩、矩形桥墩)以及桥墩离碎屑流的物源区距离为研究条件,以离散元方法为研究手段,着重研究了碎屑流冲击桥墩时候的动力响应情况。结果表明:在相同规模以及相同距离的碎屑流条件下,圆柱形桥墩所受的瞬时冲击力的法向应力要小于矩形桥墩,切向应力则大于矩形桥墩,其所受最大冲击力以及平均冲击力都小于矩形桥墩,并且给出了物源区距离对桥墩所受冲击力的影响。研究结果对实际防灾工程有一定的指导意义。     

Trace metal anomalies in bleached <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porites</Emphasis> coral at Meiji Reef,tropical South China Sea

Coral bleaching has generally been recognized as the main reason for tropical coral reef degradation, but there are few long-term records of coral bleaching events. In this study, trace metals including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and yttrium (Y), were analyzed in two Porites corals collected from Meiji Reef in the tropical South China Sea (SCS) to assess differences in trace metal concentrations in bleached compared with unbleached coral growth bands. Ti, V, Cr, and Mo generally showed irregular fluctuations in both corals. Bleached layers contained high concentrations of Mn, Cu, Sn, and Pb. Unbleached layers showed moderately high concentrations of Mn and Cu only. The different distribution of trace metals in Porites may be attributable to different selectivity on the basis of vital utility or toxicity. Ti, V, Cr, and Mo are discriminated against by both coral polyps and zooxanthellae, but Mn, Cu, Sn, and Pb are accumulated by zooxanthellae and only Mn and Cu are accumulated by polyps as essential elements. The marked increase in Cu, Mn, Pb, and Sn are associated with bleaching processes, including mucus secretion, tissue retraction, and zooxanthellae expulsion and occlusion. Variation in these trace elements within the coral skeleton can be used as potential tracers of short-lived bleaching events.     

乌蒙山区探采结合井位探测物探方法综合研究

乌蒙山区水资源严重缺乏,不仅影响当地人民群众生活用水,还制约了当地经济发展。结合本地区找基岩裂水的地质、地球物理前提,优选了高密度电阻率法、激电测深和视电阻率测井法3种物探方法,从定性-定量-验证三层次,提出了地球物理综合找水方法技术组合,克服了单一物探方法本身固有的局限性,多种物探方法可以相互验证;利用半衰时、衰减度等物探新技术进行综合处理与解释,可以提高找水资料利用程度,更准确地对探采结合井进行定位。根据高密度电阻率法和激电测量成果,与钻孔的实际深度进行对比,得出误差均小于5%,说明该方法组合能经济、快速、有效地确定基岩、含水性地层的埋深,可以为该区域开展类似的地下水勘查提供一定的技术支撑。      

The influence of cadmium on the antioxidant enzyme activities in polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube (Annelida: Polychaeta)

The infaunal polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube, distributed widely along Asian coasts and estuaries, is considered a useful animal model in ecotoxicological tests and a promising candidate in biomonitoring programs. This paper deals with the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) in infaunal polychaete P. aibuhitensis exposed to a series of sublethal water-bound cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 0.34, 1.72, 3.44, 6.89, and 17.22 mg L⁻¹) under a short-term exposure (1–8 d). The results indicate that the SOD and GSH-Px activities in P. aibuhitensis are stimulated first and then renewed to the original level. The CAT activity of worms decreases at an earlier exposure time but increases to the control values at a later exposure time. Our study suggests that Cd can interfere with the antioxidant defense system of P. aibuhitensis. However, the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities for this species do not show the best promise as biomarkers in Cd biomonitoring of estuarine and coastal zones because weak or non-dose-effect relationships between the antioxidant enzymes activities and Cd levels are found.     

“土地整理项目就是好”

三月底,一场春雨过后,鲁山县马楼乡娘娘庙村王老汉望着田地里绿油油的麦苗高兴地说：“今年又是丰收年啊。还是土地整理项目就是好。”王老汉说的是鲁山县马楼乡省级土地整理项目。     

GIS支持下的黄河口近期淤,蚀动态研究

以遥感和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术研究了黄河口１９８６年５月至１９９６年１０月淤积与侵蚀面积的变化及其空间动态,结果显示：黄河口１９９０年１月以前淤积为主,而１９９０年１月以后则以侵蚀为主,河口向渤海推进的速率也呈明显降低的趋势,侵蚀主要发生于河口北部和西南部,淤积的主要部位是河口嘴部及其南部。     

淀山湖不同季节营养盐含量与藻类群落的相互关系

于2009年1月至12月对淀山湖浮游藻类生物量及水体中N、P营养元素含量进行连续监测,并利用典范对应分析(CCA)对浮游藻类种类分布与环境营养因子间的相关性进行研究.结果表明:淀山湖全年藻类生物量呈现两次大规模增长时期,分别为春季的4月份(以绿藻为主)和初秋的8月份(以蓝藻为主),其中春季藻类群落最大生物量(39.68...