热带西太平洋上层热含量年际变化的区域性特征

采用1980—2001年的XBT月平均海洋上层温度资料对与El Nino和Southem Oscination(ENSO)相关的热带西太平洋温跃层以上(上层)热含量年际变化的区域特征进行了研究。从热带西太平洋温跃层和上层热含量南北不对称的气候态出发，将其分为“北部”、“赤道”和“南部”三个子区域。发现热带西太平洋上层热含量的调整要领先于Nino3区，并且其释放的热量与El Nino事件的强度成正比，而El Nino事件爆发前热带西太平洋上层热量积累的多少对El Nino事件强度没有明显的影响；热带西太平洋赤道外区域也是ENSO热泵的一部分，其中北部子区域的上层热含量年际调整要超前于赤道和南部子区域，在热泵中起征兆的作用。通过热带西太平洋上层热含量距平场与：Nino3指数的超前滞后相关关系分析发现，热带西太平洋上层热含量年际调整表现出明显的南北不对称，北部子区域内信号时间超前且涉及的空间范围广，南部时间上落后且空间上局限在一个窄带状区域内。热带西太平洋上层热含量年际调整的路径是：热含量年际调整信号率先在太平洋北部子区域出现，然后发展到太平洋赤道和南部子区域，再沿赤道向东发展到东太平洋。     

GIS技术在数字管道系统中的应用研究

数字管道经过多年的发展,已经在长输管道工业中得到了广泛应用。结合多年数字管道系统建设经验,介绍了适合国内长输管道特点的数字管道系统完整解决方案。基于GIS的数字管道系统解决方案已成功应用于多项长输管道工程建设中,并取得了显著的应用效果,彻底改变了传统管道建设与运营管理模式,大大提高了长输管道工程建设、运营管理的质量、效率与水平。     

Dynamic analogue initialization for ensemble forecasting

This paper introduces a new approach for the initialization of ensemble numerical forecasting: Dynamic Analogue Initialization (DAI). DAI assumes that the best model state trajectories for the past provide the initial conditions for the best forecasts in the future. As such, DAI performs the ensemble forecast using the best analogues from a full size ensemble. As a pilot study, the Lorenz63 and Lorenz96 models were used to test DAI’s effectiveness independently. Results showed that DAI can improve the forecast significantly. Especially in lower-dimensional systems, DAI can reduce the forecast RMSE by ～50% compared to the Monte Carlo forecast (MC). This improvement is because DAI is able to recognize the direction of the analysis error through the embedding process and therefore selects those good trajectories with reduced initial error. Meanwhile, a potential improvement of DAI is also proposed, and that is to find the optimal range of embedding time based on the error’s growing speed.