Combined effects of water temperature and copper ion concentration on catalase activity in Crassostrea ariakensis

A central composite experimental design and response surface method were used to investigate the combined effects of water temperature(18–34℃) and copper ion concentration(0.1–1.5 mg/L) on the catalase(CAT) activity in the digestive gland of C rassostrea ariakensis. The results showed that the linear effects of temperature were significant(P 0.01), the quadratic effects of temperature were significant( P 0.05), the linear effects of copper ion concentration were not significant(P 0.05), and the quadratic effects of copper ion concentration were significant(P 0.05). Additionally, the synergistic effects of temperature and copper ion concentration were not significant(P 0.05), and the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. A model equation of CAT enzyme activity in the digestive gland of C. ariakensis toward the two factors of interest was established, with R 2, Adj. R 2 and Pred. R 2 values as high as 0.943 7, 0.887 3 and 0.838 5, respectively. These findings suggested that the goodness of fit to experimental data and predictive capability of the model were satisfactory, and could be practically applied for prediction under the conditions of the study. Overall, the results suggest that the simultaneous variation of temperature and copper ion concentration alters the activity of the antioxidant enzyme CAT by modulating active oxygen species metabolism, which may be utilized as a biomarker to detect the effects of copper pollution.     

以有限的土地创造无限的幸福——湖北省襄阳市襄州区创建国土资源节约集约模范县（市）纪实

襄州,居华夏之腹地,扼汉水之咽喉,是＂中国十大魅力城市＂——湖北省襄阳市的最大城区和全国粮、棉、油生产大区之一。近年来,襄州区以创建国土资源节约集约模范县（市）为抓手,按照＂规划约束、用途管制、立足挖潜、改造新增、加速流转、提升效益＂的思路,     

体重、温度和盐度对皱肋文蛤耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用室内实验生态学方法对皱肋文蛤(Meretrix lyrata)的耗氧率和排氨率进行研究.实验结果表明:1)在t为13～33℃,S为22.4条件下或S为13～33,t为27.5℃时,皱肋文蛤的单位体重的耗氧率和排氨率与体重呈负相关的幂函数相关.2)温度对耗氧率和排氨率的影响极显著(P＜0.01).t为13～28℃,耗...     

水色遥感中偏振信息的研究进展

介绍了目前水色遥感中,水面反射光的偏振特性及其应用与水体散射光的偏振特性及其应用的研究进展.着重分析了基于偏振原理的水面反射光的剥离、海面溢油偏振遥感探测与基于水体物质偏振信息的水质参数反演等几个问题的研究现状;总结了在水色遥感信息流中,大气偏振校正、气-水界面偏振描述、基于偏振水质遥感反演、传感器偏振响应标定等各个环节入射光与出射光的偏振改变与响应机制等几个关键问题.     

2017年河套地区一次暴雪天气过程分析

利用常规气象资料、FY-2C卫星云图和鄂尔多斯多普勒雷达资料,对2017年2月20—21日内蒙古河套地区的暴雪天气过程进行分析,结果表明:此次暴雪天气是在两脊一槽的环流形势中,高空槽、低层切变线与低空急流配合地面倒槽产生的;高低空急流耦合,为降雪天气的发生提供动力条件,低层700h Pa低空急流源源不断的将南海水汽输送至河套地区上空,为降雪天气的发生提供水汽条件;卫星云图上显示,强降雪主要发生在明亮密实的盾状云区,高低空急流与云区一一对应;雷达回波强度整体偏弱且稳定,但持续时间近12h,长时间的停留是此次暴雪天气发生的主要原因,回波顶高度基本位于6km以下,低层有暖平流进入,反映出此次降雪过程为稳定的层状云降雪。     

温度和铜离子浓度对近江牡蛎超氧化物岐化酶活力的联合效应

Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainly two specific forms, Cu/Zn-SOD(SOD1) and Mn-SOD(SOD2), in eukaryotes. SODs are known to be concurrently modulated by a variety of environmental stressors. By using central composite experimental design and response surface method, the joint effects of water temperature(18–34°C) and copper ion concentration(0.1–1.5 mg/L) on the total SOD activity in the digestive gland of Crassostrea ariakensis were studied. The results showed that the linear effect of temperature was highly significant(P0.01), the quadratic effect of temperature was significant(P0.05); the linear effect of copper ion concentration was not significant(P0.05), while the quadratic effect of copper ion concentration was highly significant(P0.01); the interactive effect of temperature and copper ion concentration was not significant(P0.05); the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. The model equation of digestive gland SOD enzyme activity towards the two factors of interest was established, with R2 and predictive R2 as high as 0.961 6 and 0.820 7, respectively, suggesting that the goodness-offit to experimental data be very satisfactory, and could be applied to prediction of digestive gland SOD activity in C. ariakensis under the conditions of the experiment. Our results would be conducive to addressing the health of aquatic animals and/or to detecting environmental problems by taking SOD as a potential bioindicator.     

盐度、pH和规格对尖紫蛤(Soletellina acuta) 耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用室内实验生态学方法,进行了尖紫蛤的耗氧率和排氨率的研究.结果表明,盐度和pH对不同规格尖紫蛤的耗氧率和排氨率影响明显.尖紫蛤的耗氧率和排氨率与盐度之间的关系可分别用二次多项式OR=-c1+d2S-d3S2,NR=C2+ d4S-d5S2表示,在盐度10时耗氧率和排氨率达到最大值,当盐度超过10时反而下降;pH 6.4-8.4时,3种规格尖紫蛤的单位体质量耗氧率和排氨率随pH升高而增强,pH大于8.4时耗氧率和排氨率降低.盐度2-18时,不同规格的尖紫蛤个体O∶N值为:8.319-14.840,平均为11.476,在14时O∶N出现峰值;pH 6.4-9.4时,不同大小的尖紫蛤个体O∶N值为:2.377-11.502,平均为8.547,在8.4时O∶N出现峰值.     

中培期和养成期墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)新品系养殖密度的研究

于2011年10至2012年4月选择同一批次的墨西哥湾扇贝贝苗,采用大板笼和小板笼对该贝类进行中间培育和养成实验,研究了中培期和养成期不同养殖密度对该贝类生长和存活的影响,分析了养成期养殖密度与经济效益的关系。结果表明,在中培阶段,随着养殖密度的增加,壳高、体质量、壳高相对生长率、体质量相对生长率、日增壳高、日增体质量和存活率呈下降趋势,方差分析表明,养殖密度对墨西哥湾扇贝存活率、壳高、体质量及相关生长速度参数产生显著影响（P﹤0.05）。大板笼养殖密度180个/层时,壳高为30.93mm、存活率为91.00%,小板笼养殖密度120个/层时,壳高30.84mm、存活率91.40%,Duncan法多重比较分析显示,中培阶段大板笼适宜的养殖密度为180个/层,小板笼适宜的养殖密度为120个/层。在养成阶段,随着养殖密度的升高,存活率、出肉率、壳高、体质量及相关生长速度参数呈下降趋势,方差分析表明,养殖密度对墨西哥湾扇贝存活率、出肉率、壳高、体质量及相关生长速度参数产生显著影响（P﹤0.05）。大板笼养殖密度60个/层时,壳高42.81mm、存活率86.33%、出肉率16.75%,小板笼养殖密度50个/层时,壳高42.35mm、存活率84.21%、出肉率16.91%。养成期经济效益分析表明,随着扇贝养殖密度的升高,每500g肉柱的粒数呈逐渐递增趋势,而每粒肉柱的重量和肉柱的价格呈逐渐递减趋势,养殖笼单层产量、产值和收益均呈现峰值变化规律。大板笼养殖密度为60个/层时,产量、产值和收益均达最大值,分别为177.17g/层、5.03元/层和2.33元/层,小板笼养殖密度为50个/层时,产量、产值和收益均取得最大值,分别为153.15g/层、4.48元/层和2.27元/层。经多重比较不同养殖密度下扇贝生长、存活和生长速度的差异,以及综合分析养殖密度与经济效益的关系,提出养成期大板笼适宜的养殖密度为60个/层,小板笼适宜的养殖密度为50个/层。     

一次暴雨过程的新一代天气雷达回波分析

利用新一代天气雷达对2006年8月10日暴雨的雷达回波资料进行分析,得出了影响龙江、齐齐哈尔、泰来等不同的雷达回波特征。分析了暴雨过程中的低空强风区、逆风区的雷达回波特征,通过对它们的识别,为暴雨的临近预报提供预报依据。     

几种抗菌药物对马氏珠母贝D型幼虫的毒性试验

试验了几种抗菌药物对马氏珠母贝幼虫的毒性，结果表明，几种抗菌药物对马氏珠母贝Ｄ型幼虫９６ｈ半数耐受浓度（９６ＴＬＭ＝９６ＬＣ５０）及安全浓度分别为：氯霉素４５．４×１０－６、４．５×１０－６；红霉素５３．０×１０－６、５．３×１０－６；呋喃西林６４．１×１０－６，６．４×１０－６土霉素、百炎净、硫酸链霉素、青霉素Ｇ钠均大于１００×１０－６及１０×１０－６。但若以幼虫活力、摄食率、日生长率的变化作为观察指标，则这些药物的９６ＴＬＭ及安全浓度分别落在下述区间内：土霉素（３８～６７）×１０－６、（３．８～６．７）×１０－６；百炎净（５２～６７）×１０－６、（５．２～６．７）×１０－６；硫酸链霉素（２５～３８）×１０－６、（２．５～３．８）×１０－６；青霉素Ｇ钠仍大于１００×１０－６及１０×１０－６。下列药物在一定浓度下对幼虫的生长有明显的促进作用：青霉素Ｇ钠，百炎净（１３～３８）×１０－６；呋喃西林１３×１０－６。