利用GRAPES模式研究气溶胶对云和降水过程的影响

在GRAPES中尺度模式的双参数微物理方案中加入了气溶胶活化参数化过程,实现了对云滴数浓度的预报。选取不同季节两个降水过程进行模拟,并分别开展了不同气溶胶背景下的两个试验进行对比分析,研究气溶胶对云和降水可能的影响。结果表明:气溶胶浓度增加后,因为活化产生了更多尺度较小的云滴,抑制了云雨的自动转化,使大气中滞留了更多的云水,暖云降水减小;另一方面,云水的增加会使冰相粒子,尤其是雪和霰通过碰并云水等过程而增大,最后融化成雨增加冷云降水,同时冰相粒子增加会释放更多的潜热,促进上升气流的发展,进一步增加冷云降水。气溶胶对降水的影响存在空间不一致性,暖云较厚的地方暖雨过程受到的抑制明显,使地面降水减小,冷云厚度相对较厚时,冷云降水的增加会大于暖云降水的抑制,使地面降水增加。同时由于在云降水发展的不同阶段冷暖云的变化,气溶胶对降水的影响也存在着时间不一致性。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDFALL TYPHOON KROSA

In this study,the super typhoon KROSA(2007)was simulated using a mesoscale numerical model Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES)with a two-moment mixed-phase microphysics scheme.Local rainfall observations,radar and satellite data were also used to analyze the precipitation structure and microphysical features.It was shown that low-level jets and unstable temperature stratification provided this precipitation process with favorable weather condition.Heavy rainfall centers were located in the north and east part of KROSA with the maxima of 6-hourly total rainfall during the simulation more than 100 mm.The quantities of column solid water and column liquid water were generally equivalent,indicating the important role of ice phase in precipitation formation.Results of CloudSat showed that strong convection occurred in the eyewall around the cyclonic center.According to the simulation results,heavy precipitation in the northeast part of the typhoon was mainly triggered by convective clouds,accompanied by the strongest updraft under the melting level.In the southwest part of KROSA,precipitation intensity was rather homogeneous.The ascending center occurred in high-level cold clouds,favoring the formation and growth of ice particles.     

GRAPES全球模式云方案的诊断研究

在对GRAPES全球预报系统(GRAPES_GFS)云预报性能进行诊断评估的基础上,对凝结(华)和蒸发等物理过程及对流卷出对云的影响过程进行改进和优化,旨在提高GRAPES_GFS云量及其特征量和降水的预报精度.通过研究GRAPES全球模式、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)和美国环境预报中心(NCEP)全球模式中3种...     

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL STUDY ON DENSE FOG OVER MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

Using the non-hydrostatic meso-scale model MM5v3, dense fog that occurred from March 7 to March 8, 2001 over the Mts. Nanling area was studied. With integrated field experiments and observations, the occurrence, development and lift mechanism of fog were analyzed. The results indicate that before the coming of stratiform clouds, southerly warm and wet air ascended along mountainside and cooling condensation formed mountain fog. Then fog was formed by the stratiform on cloud-contacting mountaintop. A front inversion layer accelerated the development and extended the duration of the lower cloud and fog. The intensity, occurrence time, mass content and the variation of temperature and relative humidity of the fog agreed with those of the observation. It showed that the meso-scale model has the potential to forecast mountain fog.     

祁连山云系云微物理结构和人工增雨催化个例模拟研究

改进了胡志晋、刘奇俊的云物理方案,并实现了与GRAPES模式的耦合;利用包括了新云物理方案的GRAPES模式对祁连山地区一次山区云降水过程进行了数值模拟,研究了祁连山地区云系的微物理结构,并开展了人工催化的数值试验研究。结果表明：（1）耦合的双参数方案能够较好的模拟此次降水范围、强度及云场分布的特点和规律;（2）新方案给出了祁连山云系的合理微观结构和它的特征;（3）播撒冰晶可以增加降雨,在云初始阶段播撒增雨范围较广,在云发展阶段播撒增雨范围较集中;（4）播撒冰晶后,云的动力结构发生了改变。     

WSM6云微物理方案对华北地区一次降雪预报偏强的原因分析

国家气象中心GRAPES区域业务模式对2019年11月29-30日在华北地区降雪过程的预报出现显著高估现象,针对该模式中采用的WSM6云微物理方案进行了深入分析,并与Liu-Ma云微物理方案以及ERA5再分析数据进行比较,探究其可能存在的原因.主要结论如下:冰晶和雪的沉降是WSM6方案在本次地面降雪形成的最主要贡献,L...