东南极格罗夫山陨石(GRV 052382):一块强烈冲击变质的橄辉无球粒陨石

GRV052382陨石是在南极格罗夫山地区发现的强烈冲击变质的橄辉无球粒陨石。它主要由橄榄石(75%)、易变辉石(5%)、富碳填隙物(20%)和少量金属组成。橄榄石呈半自形等粒细晶结构,颗粒大小约10~20μm,细晶颗粒间有少量辉石质的熔融填隙物。根据富碳填隙物分布和颗粒间的裂隙,可以区分出原粗粒橄榄石结构的轮廓,原颗粒大小约0.5~1.5mm。这些原粗粒橄榄石具有还原边结构,即边缘的橄榄石细晶富MgO,而核部橄榄石细晶富FeO。因强烈的还原作用,这些原粗粒橄榄石的核部成分变化大(Fa12.2-21.8),因此,原橄榄石核部成分Fa应为21.8%或略高。易变辉石呈浑圆粒状,大小约0.4~0.9mm,在颗粒之间其成分基本相当(En76.4-82.6Wo4.6-9.8Fs10.9-13.8),但在颗粒内部因冲击作用,产生波浪状韵律成分变化。富碳质填隙物充填在原粗粒橄榄石颗粒之间,主要由碳质和富MgO的硅酸盐组成。碳质多型主要为石墨,呈不规则蠕虫状或网脉状,大小约0.2~0.4mm,其中包含有少量金刚石颗粒(约1~3μm)。因此,这些特征表明GRV052382具有橄辉无球粒陨石结构,为单矿岩质橄辉无球粒陨石。根据橄榄石成分,GRV 052382陨石被进一步划分为富FeO亚型(I型)。此外,强烈冲击变质特征,即:(1)橄榄石冲击细晶结构;(2)橄榄石细晶颗粒具有圆化特征,其间存在熔融填隙物;(3)易变辉石晶体具有波浪状韵律成分变化;(4)易变辉石中存在大量不规则气孔;(5)金属Fe沿裂隙或气孔充填;(6)石墨发生金刚石相变等,表明GRV052382陨石的冲击变质程度为S6。因此,GRV052382陨石可能是经受最强烈冲击变质的橄辉无球粒陨石,这不仅为橄辉无球粒陨石的冲击历史提供直接证据,而且有可能获得其母体早期经历的冲击作用信息。     

云南镇沅外樟盆金成矿地质及地球化学特征

金矿受北西—南东向构造破碎蚀变带控制的中低温热液型。提出岩石、构造、蚀变、化探找矿标志。     

自动气象站故障判断与处理

根据实际工作经验和故障实例,介绍了自动气象站一般情况下的故障判断与处理,为气象观测员在短时间内排除故障、减少事故的发生提供参考。     

牧户对退牧还草工程的行为响应及其影响因素研究——以高寒牧区玛曲县为例

 以高寒牧区玛曲县为例,应用最优尺度回归模型对当地牧民在退牧还草工程影响下的行为响应及其影响因素进行定量分析,以研究牧民在进行行为选择时的规律性因素。研究表明,牧户的受教育程度、家庭收入水平、牧户从政府保护草原的政策中的获益程度和草地退化认知程度对牧户参与退牧还草工程的响应程度有显著正向影响,而户主的年龄、家庭规模和草场面积有显著负向影响。为了使退牧还草工程变成牧户的自觉行动并长期坚持下去,应把牧户的经济发展与退牧还草工程紧密相连,只有着眼于牧民畜牧生产观念的转变,牧户的经济有很大发展,退牧还草的持续性才能保证。     

北京城市湿地时空演变及驱动力定量分析(英文)

The decision tree and the threshold methods have been adopted to delineate boundaries and features of water bodies from LANDSAT images. After a spatial overlay analysis and using a remote sensing technique and the wetland inventory data in Beijing, the water bodies were visually classified into different types of urban wetlands, and data on the urban wetlands of Beijing in 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007 were obtained. Thirteen driving factors that affect wetland change were selected, and gray correlation analysis was employed to calculate the correlation between each driving factor and the total area of urban wetlands. Then, six major driving factors were selected based on the correlation coefficient, and the contribution rates of these six driving factors to the area change of various urban wetlands were calculated based on canonical correlation analysis. After that, this research analyzed the relationship and mechanism between the main driving factors and various types of wetlands. Five conclusions can be drawn. (1) The total area of surface water bodies in Beijing increased from 1986 to 1996, and gradually decreased from 1996 to 2007. (2) The areas of the river wetlands, water storage areas and pool and culture areas gradually decreased, and its variation tendency is consistent with that of the total area of wetlands. The area of the mining water areas and wastewater treatment plants slightly increased. (3) The six factors of driving forces are the annual rainfall, the evaporation, the quantity of inflow water, the volume of groundwater available, the urbanization rate and the daily average discharge of wastewater are the main factors affecting changes in the wetland areas, and they correlate well with the total area of wetlands. (4) The hydrologic indicators of water resources such as the quantity of inflow water and the volume of groundwater are the most important and direct driving forces that affect the change of the wetland area. These factors have a combined contribution rate of 43.94%. (5) Climate factors such as rainfall and evaporation are external factors that affect the changes in wetland area, and they have a contribution rate of 36.54%. (6) Human activities such as the urbanization rate and the daily average quantity of waste-water are major artificial driving factors. They have an influence rate of 19.52%.     

邛莫金矿床中块硫锑铜矿含硒性及其特征

硒的块硫锑铜矿产于西秦岭邛莫金矿床中,与其伴生的矿物有硒汞矿、硒铅矿、硒锑矿、斜方硒镍矿、硒铜镍矿、硒质辉锑矿、自然金以及石英、重晶石等。 含硒的块硫锑铜矿平均显微硬度VHN50=247.5kg/mm2,相当于摩氏硬度4.2。电子探 针分析结果(w,％)为：Sb 25.79,Cu 38.20,S 21.12,Se 1 2.76,Hg 0.0 0～1.49(平均0.58),Ag 0.00～0.33(平均0.09),As 0.00～2.01(平均0.76)。根据成分中S e/(S+Se)比值(原子比)＜0.2抑≥0.2,可将所测矿物划分为含硒质块硫锑铜矿与硒质块硫锑 铜矿。它们的化学分子式分别为: (Cu2.84Hg0.01)2.85(Sb1.00A s0.07)1.07(S3.54Se0.46) 4.00和(Cu3.05Hg0.03)3.08(Sb1.07As0.03) 1.10(S2.77Se1.23)4.00。代表性的反射率(％): (470nm) Rγ'=22.84～22.50, Rα'= 27.92～27.99; (550 nm) Rγ'= 22.63～22.76, Rα'=2 7. 79～28.11; (590nm) Rγ'=22.92～22.08, R α'=28.27～28. 72; (650nm) Rγ'=23.08～23.76, Rα'=28.79～29.13。     

新疆尼勒克县喀什河北部地区阿克塔什组火山岩成因

分布在尼勒克县喀什河北部一带的阿克塔什组火山岩归属博罗霍洛山地层小区.通过对该组火山岩的岩石学、岩石化学和元素地球化学研究,确认该火山岩为中性-酸性熔岩及同质凝灰岩,属钙碱性系列,且高钾富铝.其岩石化学及地球化学显示岛弧火山岩特征.综合分析,本区在中泥盆世处于汇聚板块一侧的岛弧及弧后盆地.阿克塔什组火山岩的构造环境信息为本区构造演化提供了重要佐证.     

西天山阿吾拉勒一带阿克沙克组的厘定

在西天山阿吾拉勒一带前人确立的大哈拉军山组中,新发现一套富含早石炭世腕足和珊瑚等化石的浅海相碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩建造,其与上覆大陆裂谷双峰式火山岩建造(伊什基里克组)及下伏岛弧钙碱性火山岩建造(大哈拉军山组)间均为角度不整合接触.新发现地层在岩石组合、生物面貌、沉积环境、接触关系等方面均与阿克沙克组层型剖面可对比,故将其从大哈拉军山组解体出来,对比厘定为阿克沙克组.这一地层单位的合理确立,为区域地质填图建立了正确的岩石地层单位,并为本区的地层划分和区域对比提供了新的依据.     

基于光谱相似尺度的支持向量机蚀变信息提取

文章提出一种基于光谱相似尺度(spectral similarity scale-SSS)的支持向量机(support vector machines-SVM)遥感数据矿化蚀变信息提取的新方法.该方法选择青海两兰地区作为遥感矿化蚀变信息典型研究区,利用该区域的Landsat7ETM遥感影像结合地面实况调查数据,从图像上选取少量具有代表性的样本点的光谱作为参考光谱,利用SSS方法提取训练样本,然后应用SVM算法进行遥感矿化蚀变信息提取.试验结果经野外检查和验证,效果良好.     

中尺度自动站数据处理系统

为了解决中尺度自动气象站建设后探测数据的应用和共享问题，利用数据库等计算机技术，开发一套自动数据处理系统。实现了数据的处理储存、灾害天气预警和数据在不同部门之间共享。