EOF分解与GA优化的热带太平洋海温场动力预报模型反演

基于NCEP/NCAR提供的1950-2000年月平均海温场资料,首先用EOF方法对海温场序列进行时、空分解,在考虑相邻时段位势场空间模态基本稳定的前提下,引入动力系统重构思想,以EOF分解的空间模态时间系数序列作为动力模型变最,用遗传算法全局搜索和并行计算优势,进行了模型参数的优化反演,建立了EOF分解时间系数的非线性预报模型。通过模型积分和EOF时、空重构,实现了海温场的中长期预报。试验结果表明,在1—6月时效预报上,模型预报海温场与实际海温场非常吻合;对于7 15月时效的预报,尽管模型预报的海温场与实际海温场存在一些出入,但基本构型大致相符,特别是对12月以上的海温场形态和范围仍然能较为准确地描述。所有时效的预报结果均能对1997年的El Nino事件特征有不同程度的描述。该研究方法为海温场以及El Nino/La Nina事件的预报提供了一种新的思路,文中提出的反演热带太平洋海温场与El Nino/LaNina的动力统计模型的研究思想和技术途径,在热带太平洋海温场的预测试验中(特别是中、长期预报)表现出良好的预报效果,为热带太平洋海温场及其异常的El Nino/La Nina事件的中、长期预报提供了有益的研究和参考方法。     

基于副高-季风非线性动力模型的动力特性讨论与机理分析

基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,依据动力系统反演思想,采用遗传算法从1998年实际观测资料中,客观合理地反演重构了副高特征指数与东亚夏季风因子的非线性动力模型,并结合1998年天气实况,讨论了模型中外参数的变化对副高系统平衡态失稳和分岔的影响。从而为副高等难以准确构建动力模型的复杂天气系统的物理机理分析和动力行为讨论,提供了有益的研究思想和方法手段。研究发现,副高指数平衡态的分布和变化与实际副高的中短期异常活动相对应,副高系统由高值稳定平衡态向低值稳定平衡态跳跃的突变行为对应副高的异常南落过程,副高系统由双稳定平衡态向单稳定平衡态并入的分岔行为对应副高"双脊线"并存到消失的过程。     

A Medium/Long-Range Forecast of Pacific Subtropical High Based on Dynamic Statistic Model Reconstruction

Based on the 500-hPa geopotential height field series of T106 numerical forecast products,by empirical orthogonal function(EOF)time-space separation,and on the hypotheses of EOF space-models being stable, the EOF time coefficient series were taken as dynamical statistic model variables.The dynamic system reconstruction idea and genetic algorithm were introduced to make the dynamical model parameters opti- mized,and a nonlinear dynamic statistic model of EOF separating time coefficient series was established.By the model time integral and EOF time-space reconstruction,a medium/long-range forecast of subtropical high was carried out.The results show that the dynamical model forecast and T106 numerical forecast were approximately similar in the short-range forecast(≤5 days),but in the medium/long-range forecast (≥5 days),the forecast results of dynamical model was superior to that of T106 numerical products.A new method and idea were presented for diagnosing and forecasting complicated weathers such as subtropical high,and showed a better application outlook.