THE INFLUENCE OF STRATIFICATION ON FRONTOGENESIS CAUSED BY GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT

A uniform,inviscid,incompressible fluid in a two-dimensional plane(x,z)is considered.Three principles:conservation of potential vorticity,conservation of absolute momentum,andconservation of mass are used for this study.If the initial mass field and the initial wind field donot satisfy geostrophic balance,then through geostrophic adjustment under suitable conditions,the frontogenesis will finally occur.Our work points out that the initial density distribution greatlyinfluences the frontal features.If the stratification in cold air is the same as that in warm air,twofrontogeneses will occur at top and bottom boundaries respectively.If the stratification in cold airis larger than that in warm air,the frontogenesis at the bottom boundary still exists,but the otherat the top boundary disappears.This result makes us further understand the mechanism of thefrontogenesis in the real atmosphere.     

我国业务天气预报发展的若干问题思考

本文着重从我国业务天气预报的现状和国际业务化天气预报技术的发展趋势出发,探讨了业务天气预报发展目前存在问题和对于这些问题的若干思考。并强调了天气预报技术的发展必须和大气探测技术的进步和发展紧密结合,并强调了天气预报技术的发展应主观和客观预报相结合、数值和统计预报相结合。     

边界层动力学中的Ekman动量近似

自由大气中,大气运动的基本状态是地转风,近年来发展的地转动量近似,是为了进一步研究非均匀地转流的动力学问题,然而,在边界层大气中,运动的基本状态是经典的Ekman流,所以对边界层运动来说,地转动量近似是不合适的,需作一推广。本文提出了一种所谓Ekman动量近似,它相似于自由大气中的地转动量近似,并讨论了Ekman动量近似的物理基础,对边界层的风场结构及边界屋顶部的垂直速度也作了详细分析。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYMMETRIC DISTURBANCE SUPERPOSED ON BAROCLINIC FRONTAL ZONE UNDER THE ACTION OF DEFORMATION FIELD

The development of symmetric disturbance superposed on the background field of Hoskins-Bretherton (1972) frontogenesis model is investigated by means of WKBJ approach,It is found thatthe forcing of large-scale deformation,the frontal circulation and the spatial-temporal variations ofstability parameters (F~2,N~2,M~2) can bring about the development of symmetric disturbance,even though the frontal baroclinic flow is symmetric stable (F~2N~2-M~2=q>0),Thefrontogenetical process of deformation confluence zone and the ascending branch of frontalcirculation are in favor of the development of symmetric disturbance,The actions of ageostrophicshear in frontal zone and the variation of stability parameters are dependent on the structure ofdisturbance.     

热带气旋碧丽斯(2000)发生的数值模拟:非对称流的发展及转换

采用NCAR/PSU研制的非静力双向嵌套的仔尺度模式MM5,模拟了热带气旋碧丽斯(2000)从热带弱低压发展为热带风暴及台风的过程.分析表明非对称流在低层发展并通过涡动通量项向对称流转换,使得热带弱低压快速发展达到热带风暴强度.进一步的分析表明:涡动通量项不仅依赖于非对称流的强度,还取决于非对称流型.当非对称流场为气旋式流入或反气旋式流出时,非对称动量向对称动量转换,非对称流减弱,轴对称流加强;反之,当非对称流场为反气旋式流入或气旋式流出时,动量由对称流向非对称流转换.     

THE DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF B MESO-SCALE DOUBLE RAINBANDS IN MEIYU FRONT

In this paper, an idealized perturbation following the “surge-flow conceptual model” for typical Meiyu frontal structure is designed to explain the β meso-scale structure of rainbands in the Meiyu front using a non-hydrostatic, full-compressible storm-scale model including multi-phase microphysical parameterization. In addition, sensitivity numerical experiment on the vertical distribution of the ambient meridional wind is conducted to investigate the generation mechanism of β meso-scale double rainbands. The results of numerical experiments show that the cool and dry downdraft invading strengthened by the environmental aloft northerly wind plays a very important role to the generation and maintenance of the β meso-scale double rainbands. Moreover, the intensity and scale of the dry and cool downdraft invading are related to the intensity of the second circumfluence induced by mass adjustment when the acceleration of the westerly jet aloft occurs.     

地形的动力作用与冷锋锋生研究

本文建立了一个考虑天气尺度水平变形场的二维、滞弹性、非静力平衡锋生模式，对冷锋过山时的锋生锋消机制进行了数值研究，试验结果表明:当无地形影响时，由于变形场的锋生作用与摩擦等因子的锋消作用相互抵消，冷锋最终达到其强度的准定常状态；当考虑地形影响时，地形强迫环流与锋面环流相互作用，使得锋面强度在山前和山后发生变化，在冷锋开始爬坡时锋生，爬过半山腰后开始锋消，过山顶后锋面强度变化不明显或者有微弱锋生，到达山脚后开始强烈锋生，并在地形下游其强度达到最大；总之，冷锋在翻越山脉或从高原移到平原之后，锋面发展的强度比冷锋不遇到地形时的更大。     

The Theory Study of the Influence of the Topography on the Cold Frontal Motion

In order to study the characteristics of cold frontal motion over the arbitrary topography, the velocity of cold frontal movement is derived by using the one layer shallow-water model. The results show that there exist the retardation in upwind side and rapid descent in the lee slope when the cold front crosses the topography.     

500mb形势数值预告的一种方案

在本文中,作者为了避免500mb 位面是无辐散的假定,引用了在大气顶 P=0处高度 H随时间变化很小,而且此位面几近于一个平面的假设,经过一些变化后,便得出了500mb 形势预告的方程,这个方程与正压涡度方程很相似,尤其当柵格取得小些时(例如600km),这个方程便较接近于正压预告方程,但二者是有本质上的区別的.于此文中,作者并指出在正压模式中,柵格取得小些时,可以得到较好的结果.从实例来看,这个方法是有些成功的.     

关于非均匀介质中波的传播问题

本文中,对Lighthill等人有关非均匀介质中波动性质的研究进行了分析。在接近平面波的近似情况,位相并不满足他们提出的连续性原理,而频率随时间的变化成为位相变化的外源。同时沿群速线方向,波数总是守恒的,无论介质均匀与否,但频率在群速方向上总是改变的。这些结果和Lighthill等人的结果是有所差异的。在本文中,除给出了具体的表达式外,并对引起差异的原因作了分析,认为本文结果较为合理。