基于全球变化视角的滨海旅游资源可持续发展对策研究(英文)

滨海旅游是最传统的、主要的旅游形式,也是现代旅游增长最快的领域,在国内外均具有举足轻重的地位。全球变化很可能是由人类活动引起,并且影响着旅游业的发展。旅游业通过使用交通运输系统尤其是航空旅行、旅游目的地住宿餐饮等活动排放大量温室气体,对全球变化做出贡献。可持续滨海旅游以可持续的资源开发和管理为基础,在全球变化视角下,要达到这一目标,需要在滨海旅游模式与产品类型转变、旅游资源利用方式转变、利益相关者协作等方面对滨海旅游资源进行优化开发和有效管理:以绿色思维指导低碳旅游模式,发展生态旅游和替代性旅游等新型产品;提倡降碳减排、发展碳补偿和碳经济、制定碳排放标准、鼓励新型节油节能科技应用;鼓励社区参与,平衡利益相关者的收益和兴趣,尤其是探察当地社区居民、旅游者和政府工作人员对全球变化的看法、态度、责任感和共识。这些措施将在规划—管理—监督—评估动态模型中得到优化。由于相关研究的可用数据有限,本文所引用数据部分来自于对旅游整体的研究结果,是为不足之处。     

中国入境游客周期波动特征及影响机理

以大陆入境游客的年度及月度数据为例,利用HP滤波、BP滤波及季节指数分析了大陆入境游客的周期波动特征,并结合脉冲响应模型对其影响机理进行研究。结果表明：1978年以来入境游客在波动中上升,在1989年、2003年、2009年出现较大的下滑,根据滤波分解可将入境旅游划分为五个周期,分别为起步期（1978-1983年）、探索发展期（1984-1989年）、初步发展期（1990-1996年）、快速发展期（1997-2003年）、相对成熟期（2004-2011年）,平均每个周期约为6.6年。入境游客的季节强度指数大致呈“倒V字型”分布,季节变动指数大致呈“双W型”分布,相对于年度数据,月度数据的波动效应更加显著。政策制度、区域经济、突发事件对入境游客周期波动具有重要影响。脉冲响应分析表明：对外经济交流与区域经济发展状况对入境游客有正向的冲击,不同交通方式对入境游客有不同的响应机理。针对入境游客的周期波动特征,应进一步注重游客质量的提升,加强对外宣传营销,及时调整经营方式及发展策略,同时需要平衡发展三大入境旅游市场,降低入境旅游市场的风险性。     

基于多智能体模型与建筑物信息的高空间分辨率人口分布模拟

自上而下的人口分布模拟模型自动化程度较低,难以分析人口分布成因,且因精细尺度的人口样本较难获取而不太适用于高空间分辨率人口分布模拟。提出了一种基于多智能体模型和建筑物信息的高空间分辨率人口分布模拟模型。首先利用建筑物三维分布数据提取住宅建筑,构建智能体人口分布模拟模型的环境;然后基于统计、调研数据定义智能体属性,确定智能体居住选择行为规则;最后以泰日社区为例进行了居住人口分布仿真模拟。研究结果表明,基于建筑物信息的人口分布多智能体模型,可以获取每栋建筑物上的人口,改进了当前高分辨率人口模拟主要只模拟小区或者居委会人口的不足;多智能体模型具有较高的自动化程度,不仅能获得较好的模拟结果,而且可在一定程度上从微观机理解释宏观居住分布模式,是对传统统计模型的有益补充。     

无人机在海洋调查中的应用前景展望

无人机(UAV)是利用先进的无人驾驶技术、遥感技术和通信技术等高新技术,实现自动化、智能化、专用化快速获取空间信息,完成数据处理、建模和应用分析的应用技术。文章探讨了利用无人机技术的特点,如何与海洋调查等相关业务相结合,同时对无人机技术在海洋相关领域中的应用前景进行了探索和展望。     

荣成市船舶工业现状与发展研究

船舶工业是荣成市的支柱产业之一。经过长期集聚发展,荣成市现已成为山东省重要的修造船基地,在全国船舶工业产能分布格局中也占有较重要的地位。然而,面对当前国际船舶市场持续萎靡不振,船舶行业陷入深度调整周期。如何突围实现转型升级,是当前荣成船舶行业面临的一个难题。文章以荣成市船舶行业现状分析与评价为基础,针对存在的问题和制约因素,通过借鉴国内外船舶行业发展经验,提出了相关对策建议,期待能为推动荣成市船舶行业的发展贡献一份力量。     

Ecological effects of co-culturing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) with scallop Chlamys farreri in earthen ponds

Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments: sea cucumber monoculture (Mc), sea cucumber and scallop polyculture (Ps-c) and scallop monoculture (Ms). Results indicated that the survival rate of sea cucumber was significantly higher in Ps-c cultures than in Mc cultures. Sea cucumber yield was 69.6% higher in Ps-c culture than in Mc culture. No significant differences in body weight and scallop shell length were found between Ps-c and Ms cultures. The mean sedimentation rate of total particulate matter (TPM) was 72.2 g/(m2 d) in Ps-c cultures, with a maximum of 119.7 g/(m2 d), which was markedly higher than that of Mc (mean value). Sedimentation rates of organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Ps-c cultures were also significantly higher than those in Mc cultures. TOC and TN contents of sediment increased rapidly in the first 5 months in Ms cultures and remained at a high level. TOC and TN contents in Mc and Ps-c cultures decreased during sea cucumber feeding seasons and increased during sea cucumber dormancy periods (summer and winter). The study demonstrates that co-culture of sea cucumber and scallop in earthen ponds is an alternative way to alleviate nutrient loads and improve water quality in coastal aquaculture systems. Moreover, it provides the additional benefit of an increased sea cucumber yield.     

相同养殖条件下青、红刺参体壁营养成分的比较研究

研究同一养殖池塘内青、红刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体壁的营养组成与含量。结果表明:青刺参和红刺参体壁中水分含量、出皮率和干品灰分含量差异显著(P<0.05),粗蛋白、总糖分和粗脂肪含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。青、红刺参体壁均含有18种氨基酸,各种氨基酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。在检出的10种主要脂肪酸中,青刺参体壁中MUFA-16∶1(十六碳烯酸)和SFA-20∶0(二十碳酸)的含量显著高于红刺参(P<0.05),AA(二十碳四烯酸)的含量显著低于红刺参(P<0.05)。青、红刺参体壁均含有VB1、VB2、VB3、VB9、VB12、VC和VE等7种维生素,红刺参的VB3含量显著高于青刺参(P<0.05)。红刺参类胡萝卜素总量显著高于青刺参(P<0.05)。在检测的微量元素中,红刺参Zn、Cu和Se含量均显著高于青刺参(P<0.05)。研究表明,红刺参的综合营养品质优于青刺参。     

北京石花洞结构特征及发育演化过程研究

北京石花洞是中国北方已探明洞穴中次生碳酸盐沉积规模最大、种类最丰富的洞穴;石花洞的景观美学价值和科学价值,在我国北方岩溶洞穴中占有重要地位。2013年7月,为了获取石花洞发育规模、空间结构等基本数据,采用国际通用洞穴测量方法,运用激光测距仪、罗盘和倾角仪,辅以Onstation洞穴绘图软件和ArcMap10软件对石花洞洞穴开展了全面的调查和测绘。结果显示:(1) 石花洞洞穴系统整体呈北西西-南东东向展布,长度为5 639 m,洞底投影面积为37 096 m2,洞底高差为172 m,洞内最高点海拔约为265 m,最低点海拔约为93 m。洞穴系统的发育演化主要受地层产状与北东向和北西向两组断层控制;(2) 石花洞洞穴系统分为五层,自上而下,各层洞道平均海拔依次为249 m, 211 m, 154 m, 111 m和95 m;(3) 最底第五层季节性地下河洞道长1 638 m,自西北向东南方向贯穿整个洞穴系统,依干湿季水文条件的差别,地下水以季节性涨落为主要特征,有多段有水通道;地下河道下游末端为叉状河道,崩塌明显,洞壁上无明显流纹发育;(4) 综合石花洞地下河走向和流向、洞穴发育控制因素和区域地层产状特征、石花洞与周边洞穴的空间位置关系,推测孔水洞是石花洞洪水期的排泄口。      

Metabolic rates and biochemical compositions of Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) tissue during periods of inactivity

Estivation, hibernation, and starvation are indispensable inactive states of sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus in nature and in culture ponds. Generally, temperature is the principal factor that induces estivation or hibernation in the sea cucumber. The present study provided insight into the physiological adaptations of A. japonicus during the three types of inactivity (hibernation, estivation, and starvation) by measuring the oxygen consumption rates (Vo2) and biochemical compositions under laboratory conditions of low (3°C), normal (17°C) and high (24°C) temperature. The results show that the characteristics of A. japonicus in dormancy (hibernation and estivation) states were quite different from higher animals, such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, but more closely resembled a semi-dormant state. It was observed that the shift in the A. japonicus physiological state from normal to dormancy was a chronic rather than acute process, indicated by the gradual depression of metabolic rate. While metabolic rates declined 44.9% for the estivation group and 71.7% for the hibernation group, relative to initial rates, during the 36 d culture period, metabolic rates were not maintained at constant levels during these states. The metabolic depression processes for sea cucumbers in hibernation and estivation appeared to be a passive and an active metabolic suppression, respectively. In contrast, the metabolic rates (128.90±11.70 μg/g h) of estivating sea cucumbers were notably higher (107.85±6.31 μg/g h) than in starving sea cucumbers at 17°C, which indicated that the dormancy mechanism here, as a physiological inhibition, was not as efficient as in higher animals. Finally, the principle metabolic substrate or energy source of sea cucumbers in hibernation was lipid, whereas in estivation they mainly consumed protein in the early times and both protein and lipid thereafter.