河北省近40年蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征及影响因素初探

利用河北省区域1963-2003年50个站蒸发皿蒸发量资料,分析了蒸发量变化及影响因素。结果表明:近40年来河北省区域平均年和四季蒸发量变化,由60、70年代偏多转为80、90年代偏少,转折年均在70年代末和80年代初。春、夏季蒸发量减少趋势明显,分别为-31.3、-27.4mm/10 a,年蒸发量的减少主要是由春、夏季减少所致;对蒸发量的空间分析表明,区域内94%的站点呈减少趋势,70%站点减少趋势显著,减少速率最大区域在冀中南部东部区域,减少速率在-100mm/10 a以上;蒸发量变化与各要素相关分析表明,蒸发量变化与日照时数、低云量、气温日较差相关显著,而日照时数、低云量、气温日较差与太阳辐射大小关系密切,因此,太阳辐射是影响蒸发量变化的主要因素,同时平均风速的减少对蒸发量的减少也起着重要作用。     

Selection of better extractants to indicate Pb bioavailability in lead-contaminated agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province

The accumulation of Pb in the food chain is one of the great concerns as it can cause chronic health problems and the available Pb is easily absorbed by crops. To shed light on Pb bioavailability in lead-contaminated agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, a series of plant growth experiments were performed in a greenhouse to select more suitable extractants from five commonly used extractants (0.1 M HCl, 1 M NH4OAc, 0.1 M CaCl2, DTPA-TEA and Mehlich 3). The results showed that 1 M NH4OAc can extract Pb best, indicating the Pb bioavailability, then, DTPA-TEA and 0.1 M HCl in the tested soils. In case 1 M NH4OAc was used as an extractant, the critical Pb concentrations in soils were 50.19 mg/kg, 21.16 mg/kg and 114.00 mg/kg (1 M NH4OAc extracted Pb) in silty loam, yellowish-red soil and purplish soil, respectively. When the values exceed the above ones, the contents of Pb in Chinese cabbage leaves will exceed the Chinese Tolerance Limit of Lead in Foods (GB14935-94), as a result, potential ecological risk and hazard to human health via the food chain will appear.     

Contrasting Peridotite Types in the Dabie UHP Belt, Eastern China: the Raobazhai and Bixiling Ultramafic-mafic Complex

The Dabie UHP metamorphic belt, central China,contains two contrasting types of mafic-ultramafic complex. The Bixiling peridotite in the southern Dabie terrane contains abundant garnet (21.1-32.2 vol% )and thus has high CaO + Al2O3 (9.81-15.9 wt% ).     

Anomaly Detection in MODIS Land Products via Time Series Analysis

With remote sensing information products becoming increasingly varied and arguably improved, scientific applications of such products rely on their quality assessment. In an operational context such as the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) information production based on the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instrument on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites, efficient ways of detecting product anomaly, i.e., to discriminate between product artifacts and real changes in Earth processes being monitored, are extremely important to assist and inform the user communities about potential unreliability in the products. A technique for anomaly detection, known as MAD (the median of absolute deviate from the median), in MODIS land products via time series analysis is described, which can handle intra- and in-ter-annual variation in the data by using MAD statistics of the original data and their first-order difference. This method is shown to be robust and work across major land products, including NDVI, active fire, snow cover, and surface reflectance, and its applicabil-ity to multi-disciplinary products is anticipated.     

Reducing Influence of Gravity Model Error in Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbit Satellites

Based on the orbit integration and orbit fitting method, the influence of the characters of the gravity model, with different precisions, on the movement of low Earth orbit satellites was studied. The way and the effect of absorbing the influence of gravity model error on CHAMP and GRACE satellite orbits, using linear and periodical empirical acceleration models and the so-called "pseudo-stochastic pulses" model, were also analyzed.     

Vertical Crustal Displacements Due to Surface Fluid Changes

Using the model data for surface mass changes of the atmosphere, ocean, soil moisture and snow depth, the vertical crustal displacements of 25 ficual stations in China were calculated according to the ...     

致命狙击手海蛇

海蛇悠然自得地在石缝间游荡觅食，或者悬垂在珊瑚丛下休息，时不时还上窜到水面上呼吸新鲜空气。即使是最凶猛的鲨鱼看到它们，也要避退三舍。海蛇和陆地蛇原本都生活在陆地上，后来由于地质史上自然环境的剧变，一些原来生活在陆地上的蛇，不得不下海寻找新的乐土，开始新的生活。他们的身体发生了一些适应海洋生活的变化：它的腹鳞退化了，身体变成圆柱形，后部直到尾部变得侧扁，这样可以减少海水的阻力，游动时更加迅速；它的鼻孔朝上，有瓣膜可以开合，能最大面积地接触空气，它吸气一次可以潜入水下达５小时之久。陆地蛇都是卵生的，成活率低，海蛇则一般是胎生，一胎能生６条小蛇，每一条都有２５～３０厘米长，而且一出生就能游泳。海蛇在捕捉猎物时，就像战场上的狙击手一样埋伏在洞穴或岩缝里，耐心等待。只要哪个粗心大意的可怜虫从旁边经过，海蛇就闪电般地咬住对方，再慢慢吞入肚中。海蛇吃东西相当缓慢，经常不得不将猎物留在海底，自己游上海面换气。海蛇和陆地蛇一样都是“近视眼”，但是凭着灵敏的嗅觉，不管怎样游上游下，它总是能准确无误地穿过森林般的珊瑚礁，找到自己的猎物。已知的５０多种海蛇中，绝大多数都具有比陆地毒蛇更强的毒性。例如，钩嘴海蛇的毒性相当于眼镜蛇毒性的...     

甘露醇分光光度测定法的改进

前言在甘露醇分析工作中,应用最普遍的是过碘酸氧化法和基于这种氧化反应而提出的各种改良方法。这类方法不仅收率不稳定,而且要求取样数量的范围狭窄。因此,对于一个未知浓度的甘露醇溶液,往往要试测多次才能得到结果。此外,由于藻类中天然含存的有机物和无机物很多,有的能与过碘酸起反应而导致不正确的分析结果。 Evtushenko等(1962)曾利用硫酸铜和甘露醇,在碱性溶液中形成可溶性络合物的原     

缓倾斜钻孔钢粒钻进和涌水层钻进的经验

为了探明地下水文情况,提出在倾角为20°—30°近似水平钻孔中用钻粒钻进,在7—9级的岩层中,进尺154.99米,其中钢粒钻进占115.7米,台月效率为174米,小时效率为0.79米,平均矿心采取率为90.9%,涌水量超过放水要求。实践证明:在坚硬岩层打缓倾角钻孔,完全可以用钢粒钻进。这样,不仅解决了我队放水试验工作,且不用建筑大型水闸,改用多孔小水闸,既为国家节豹10万元以上的投资,又