水下模糊图象维纳滤波和卡尔曼滤波恢复算法研究

该文将海水中图象传输特性的研究与用此传输特性进行水下模糊图象恢复结合起来 ,得到一套测量水体传递函数及进行水下图象处理的方法。采用维纳 (Wiener)滤波和卡尔曼 (Kalman)滤波算法 ,对模糊图象进了恢复。结果表明 ,利用计算机采用一定的算法对散射性质已知的水体造成的图象模糊可以进行有效的复原 ,且良好效果。     

褐藻中活性物质研究概况

对近年来从褐藻中发现的有活性的多糖类、脂类、含氮类、萜类、甾醇类、类胡萝卜素、酶类、激素及其他活性物质进行综述。     

青岛近海海雾的FUZZY数学预报方法

本文用FUZZY数学方法把海雾的形成过程作为一个模糊系统,通过对历史资料的分析,用模糊识别的方法对海雾的形成及强度进行了预报,并进行了回报验证,效果理想。     

脂溶性壳多糖的制备

提出通过甲烷磺酸／酰氯体系低温均相制备乙酰化甲壳质（ＡＣＣ）、己酰化甲壳质（ＨＣＣ）、十二酰化甲壳质（ＤＣＣ）及已酰化Ｎ－苄基甲壳胺（ＮＢＣ），从而获得脂溶性Ｎ－苄基己酰甲壳胺（ＮＢＨＣ）的反应条件，并对各酰化产物在不同溶剂中的溶解性能进行试验。指出：产物ＡＣＣ溶于甲酸中；ＨＣＣ、ＤＣＣ溶于甲酸及乙醇中；ＮＢＨＣ溶于甲酸、乙醇、乙醚、苯及乙酸乙酯中。     

西宁市北山寺滑坡成因分析

西宁市北山寺滑坡地表变形明显,滑动位移量逐渐加大,已形成小规模滑坡两处,严重威胁着北山寺建筑物及寺院工作人员、游客的安全。特殊的斜坡地质构造和新构造运动是滑坡形成的基础条件,而长期绿化灌溉和坡脚不合理开挖是滑坡形成的引发因素。     

井震结合表征曲流型河道储层叠置样式:以准噶尔盆地东部阜东5井区侏罗系头屯河组为例

针对阜东5井区大井距下曲流型河道储层叠置样式认识不清的问题,应用岩心、地震、测井、试油试采等资料,采用井震联合、层次结构和地震正演等研究方法,确立了沉积微相类型,分层次开展了河道储层叠置样式和地震正演河道砂体叠置地震响应特征研究,提出了曲流型河道储层叠置分布样式.研究表明:（1）目的层自下而上呈曲流河三角洲→曲流型分流河道体系→曲流河.头一段时期发育曲流河三角洲沉积,多个朵叶状砂体连片叠置.头二段演变为曲流型分流河道体系,砂体呈条带状叠置;头三段为曲流河,砂体呈宽条带交错叠置状.（2）在合理地震正演参数设置后,对曲流型河道分4类开展正演模拟.不同期次的单河道相互叠置使得复合河道的地震反射表现出单斜状、阶梯状、下凹状的特征,同时伴随振幅的横向强弱变化,结合单井测井标定可判断单河道的发育期次和叠置关系.（3）曲流型河道储层叠置样式主要分为单河道型、多河道叠置型和稳定迁移型3种样式.单河道型地震反射振幅短轴强振幅特征,呈窄连续条带状分布（约250 m）;多河道叠置型地震反射振幅强弱变化大,呈连续性较差宽条带状分布（约500 m）;稳定迁移型地震响应波形振幅强度变化弱且连续,呈大范围连片状分布（约1 500 m）.研究不仅对曲流型河道油气储层提高采收率具有重要的指导意义,也对井震结合大井距河道砂体储层构型表征方法的拓展意义重大.      

软土地层矩形顶管掘进引起地表隆沉变形分析

准确预测并及时控制软土地层矩形顶管掘进过程中引起的地表隆沉,可有效降低掘进施工对紧邻结构设施的影响。结合弹性力学Mindlin解和随机介质理论,进一步考虑顶管开挖面附加推力、非均匀分布且具有软化特性的机体-土体侧摩阻力、受触变泥浆特性影响的管节与土体间的侧摩阻力,管节附加注浆压力及基于开挖面收敛模式的土体损失共同作用,推导得到矩形顶管掘进期间地表隆沉位移解析解。经与3个工程算例的实测结果进行对比分析,发现所提方法可预测矩形顶管在软土地层掘进引起的地表隆沉变形规律。分析结果表明：顶管开挖面前方地表表现为隆起;随着顶管开挖面的远离,摩阻力、注浆压力对地表的影响逐渐减小,开挖面后方地表主要受土体损失作用发生沉降;土体损失引起的地表沉降量受开挖面收敛模式影响。     

A New Family of Galeaspids (Jawless Stem-Gnathostomata) from the Early Silurian of Chongqing, Southwestern China

A new genus and species of agnathan Eugaleaspidiformes (Galeaspida), Yongdongaspis littoralis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Llandovery (lower Silurian) Huixingshao Formation at Yongdong Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing, southwestern China. This new Telychian taxon morphologically exhibits some transitional states between Sinogaleaspidae and a cluster of higher eugaleaspidiforms containing Tridensaspidae, Eugaleaspidae, Yunnanogaleaspis, and Nochelaspis, which we term here as the ‘eugaleaspid cluster’. Phylogenetic analysis of an extended character matrix of Galeaspida reveals Yongdongaspis, on which Yongdongaspidae fam. nov. is erected, as the sister taxon of this ‘eugaleaspid cluster’, supported by two synapomorphies, the presence of one median transverse canal, and two lateral transverse canals leaving from the infraorbital canal. As the first fish described from the Llandovery Huixingshao Formation in Chongqing, Yongdongaspis provides new fossil evidence for the subdivision and correlation of the Upper Red Beds in South China.     

An Improved Method for Evaluating Hydrocarbon Generation of Shale: A Case Study of the Lower Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation Shale in the Songliao Basin

Because of the influence of hydrocarbons, especially adsorbed hydrocarbons, on the detection of cracked hydrocarbon (S2) and total organic carbon (TOC), the hydrogen index (HI)-based hydrocarbon generation model deviates from actual practice. In this study, the shale in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the central depression of the Songliao Basin, where in northeastern China, was taken as the research object and a correction method for S2 and TOC was established. By correcting the experimental results of different maturity samples, the actual hydrocarbon generation model has been revealed, the differences before and after correction compared, and the evolutionary characteristics of the adsorbed hydrocarbon content were clarified. The results show that the organic matter enters the hydrocarbon generation threshold at Ro–0.5% and reaches the hydrocarbon generation peak at Ro–1.0% and that the hydrocarbon generation process ends at Ro–1.3%. The hydrocarbon generation model established based on the measured values has a ‘lag effect’ compared to actual values, and this extends the hydrocarbon generation window of organic matter and delays the hydrocarbon generation peak. With the increase of maturity, adsorbed hydrocarbon content shows the characteristics of ‘first increasing, then stabilizing, and then decreasing’, and reaches the most abundant stage at Ro of 0.9%–1.3%.     

全球铬铁矿床成因类型、地质特征及时空分布规律初探

全球铬铁矿资源丰富,但分布极不均衡.铬铁矿的成因类型主要有层状和豆荚状2种,这2种类型的铬铁矿床地质特征、成因模式差异显著.在全球范围内铬铁矿矿床的成矿时代和空间分布具有明显的时空规律性,古元古代是铬铁矿最重要成矿期,该期形成的铬铁矿占总资源量的58.5％,以形成大型-超大型层状铬铁矿为主,中-新生代是全球铬铁矿床形成数量最多、分布范围最广的重要成矿期,该期形成的铬铁矿占总资源量的24.9％,以形成中小型豆荚状铬铁矿为主.铬铁矿在全球的分布可划分为5个重要层状铬铁矿矿田(南非布什维尔德-津巴布韦大岩墙、北美斯蒂尔沃特、南美坎坡福莫索、印度苏金达、芬兰凯米-俄罗斯普拉科夫斯科)和7个豆荚状铬铁矿带(津巴布韦舒鲁圭、东北非、乌拉尔、特提斯、西太平洋岛弧、加勒比岛弧和马达加斯加),并对各重要成矿区带的资源潜力进行了探讨.通过对全球铬铁矿成因类型、地质特征和时空分布规律的探讨,对深入了解地幔的物质组成、物理化学环境、地幔物质的运移、深部地质作用及板块运动的动力学机制、深俯冲和地球深部再循环轨迹有重要的理论意义.