卫星遥感估测土壤水分的一种方法

对于植被影响土壤水分遥感的大小 ,提出了“光学植被盖度”新概念来衡量 ,并用遥感法进行估测。用分解象元法排除植被干扰来提取土壤水分光谱信息。采用土壤水分光谱法并借助回归分析建立土壤水分遥感的TM数据模型。以此为桥梁 ,建立了AVHRR数据模型     

Studies on culture condition and extracellular hydrolase of psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

Arctic sea ice in the polar region provides a cold habitat for microbial community.Arctic sea ice microorganisms are revealed to be of considerable impor- tance in basic research and potential in biotechnological application.This paper in- vestigated the culture condition and extracellular hydrolase of 14 strains of different Arctic sea ice bacteria.The results showed that optimal growth temperature of strains is 15℃or 20℃.The optimal pH is about 8.0.They hardly grow at acid condition. 3% NaCl is necessary for better growth.These strains have different abilities in pro- ducing amylase,protcase,cellulase and lipase.Pseudoalteronomas sp.Bsi429 and Pseudoalteronomas sp.Bsi539 produced both cellulose,protease and lipase.These results provide a basis for further developing and exploiting the cold adapted marine enzyme resources.     

威海市地下水资源及可持续开发利用建议

威海市地下水资源分布极不均匀 ,本文对其开发利用现状和存在的问题作了分析 ,根据开采潜力指数将其分为可增强开采区、控制开采区和调减开采区 ,并就可持续开发利用提出对策和建议     

油页岩中生物及有机质与金属元素富集的关系及机理探讨

松辽盆地白垩系油页岩中的Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｐ、Ｎａ、Ｚｎ、Ｔｈ等元素含量高于国际标样（ＳＤＯ－１）２￣１００倍，呈明显富集趋势。有机质（干酪根）中Ｚｎ、Ｂａ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｙ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｇ、Ｂ等元素含量高于其页岩平均含量１．５￣２００倍，说明有机质相是它们的“富集相”。油页岩物相分析显示，只有Ｚｎ和Ｂａ等少数元素是以有机质相为“载体相”（即有机相中所含元素的量占岩石中该元素总含量的５     

2015年初北极极端气旋对中国寒潮的影响

从北大西洋中高纬度进入北极的极端气旋会引起北极异常增暖,与中高纬度极端天气事件关系密切,危害极大。利用ERA-Interim再分析资料和中国地面气象站观测资料,探讨了2015年1—2月两个极端气旋(C1,C2)影响中国天气的物理过程和机制。结果表明:当极端气旋生成并北移,附近大气低层和高层均出现异常增暖,中高纬度大气环流表现为乌拉尔阻塞形势形成,极涡断裂,低压槽加深南压,我国发生寒潮天气;且极端气旋伴随的异常增暖加强Rossby波能量频散,使中高纬度的槽和脊发展。对比发现,C1和C2的生成地和路径均存在差异,相比于C2,C1生成纬度较高且路径偏东,对应低温寒潮天气范围更大,但强度比C2略弱。这些结果均表明,极端气旋的生成和移动是中国寒潮天气发生的重要原因之一。     

高速公路采空区变形监测的应用效果分析

研究了高速公路采空区的变形监测工作,分析了其应用效果,实现了对采空区进行变形监测的目的。     

冻融作用下三类纤维加筋固化土的抗压抗拉性能

合成纤维、矿物纤维和植物纤维加筋土,增强了土的强度和抗变形性能。开展冻融作用下的无侧限抗压试验和劈裂抗拉试验,研究聚丙烯纤维、玄武岩纤维和棕榈纤维加筋石灰固化土的抗压和抗拉性能随冻融次数的变化规律。结果表明：未冻融和冻融环境下,聚丙烯纤维加筋固化土、玄武岩纤维加筋固化土和棕榈纤维加筋固化土的最优质量加筋率分别为0.2%、0.2%和0.4%。随冻融次数增加,三类纤维加筋固化土的抗压强度和抗拉强度均呈阶段性下降,纤维加筋固化土的破坏应变均大于石灰固化土。冻融作用下,聚丙烯纤维加筋固化土的抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗变形性能均优于另两类加筋固化土。纤维与土颗粒间的界面作用力和纤维对土的空间约束作用,增强了土的冻融耐久性。对比三类纤维加筋固化土的试验结果,聚丙烯纤维加筋固化土的抗冻融性能最优。     

德州能见度与PM2.5、PM10和相对湿度的关系

为研究德州大气能见度与水汽和气溶胶的关系,利用2013年逐小时能见度、相对湿度、PM2.5和PM10浓度资料,对三者与能见度的关系进行分析。结果表明：能见度与相对湿度的线性相关最好,与PM2.5浓度的相关性次之;随着相对湿度、PM2.5和PM10浓度的增加,能见度明显降低。大气能见度与相对湿度、PM2.5和PM10浓度非线性相关系数明显高于线性相关系数。利用PM2.5和PM10浓度和相对湿度数据计算得到了非线性大气能见度拟合公式,经验证,该公式能较好地模拟德州大气能见度。     

Detection of 36 antibiotics in coastal waters using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines (TCs), sulfanilamides (SAs), and quinolones (QLs). The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column was achieved using a binary eluent containing methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid. Typical recoveries of the analytes ranged from 67.4% to 109.3% at a fortification level of 100 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD), was below 14.6% for all the compounds. The limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.45 pg to 7.97 pg. The method was applied to determine the target analytes in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Liaoning, China. Among the tested antibiotics, 31 were found in coastal waters, with their concentrations between the LOD and 212.5 ng/L. These data indicate that this method is valid for analysis of antibiotics in coastal waters. The study first reports such a large number of antibiotics along the Yellow Sea coast of Liaoning, and should facilitate future comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics in coastal ecosystems.     

自记记录脏乱的原因及对策

自记记录脏乱的原因及对策张琳（陇县气象局陇县·７２１２００）在整理地面气象观测资料自记纸时发现，自记纸上自记墨水污迹较多；自记迹线粗细不均匀；观测自记读数的数值更改的较多；记录零乱。这些不良现象的存在严重影响了自记记录的美观整洁和自记记录读数的准确性...